Violence and Oppression in Wrights Black Boy :: Wright Black Boy Essays

Savagery and Oppression in Wright's Black Boy           You are dead to me dead to christ! In the accompanying passages, savagery and abuse in Ch. 5 will talked about and broke down through assessment of Richard Wright's - creator of Black Boy(1945)- - utilization of word usage, tone, and analogies. Were individuals of his chance to peruse this book it's likely that they would comprehend, wheather they concur with the writer's perspective or not, the measure of viciousness and abuse saw by a kid his age. Richard Wright, through the utilization of the words his faculties created, brought his past into light for the offspring of things to come. He permits his perusers to feel as he did under the light of solid oppression with the utilization of a scary, sincere tone.           The vast pictures of fear were gone and the outside world turned into a         reality, trembling day by day before me. Rather than agonizing and attempting         absurdly to implore, I could run and toam, blend with the young men and         young ladies, feel comfortable with individuals, share a tad bit of life in like manner         with others, fulfill my appetite to be and live.         Wright fills the section with a quiet and mesmorizing tone; like that of a preecher bringing his crowd into a hymm. Omisdt viciousness, under outrage and dread, Wright chats with the peruser as if he were an adolescent chief telling a story to a gathering of boyscouts outside by an open air fire. His spellbounding words serenade the peruser into his reality and produce a guide through which the peruser follows his life in the shadows of others. I blended with the young men, wanting to pass unnoticed , yet realizing that sometime I would be spotted for a newcomer. What's more, inconvenience came rapidly a bloabk kid came bouncing past me, pounding my cap to the ground and  shouting. To keep his crowd from dazily floating into a condition of semi-consiousness, Wright adds into his supplication with activity in an energized and stunning tone.           A blow arrived on the rear of my head. I turned and saw a block         moving ceaselessly and I felt blood overflowing down my back. I glanced around         and saw a few brickbats dissipated about.

The term white Essay Example for Free

The term white Essay What is our response or impression when we peruse or hear the term white? Frequently, it is essentially shading that quickly goes to our psyches. Moreover, huge numbers of us are ignorant of the different understandings including the word. This isn't unexpected! Lets start with white garments and its motivations, emblematic, or truthful, generally utilized in religions just as in clinics. The pope, a conspicuous Roman Catholic, wears white robes to depict his particular figure, being the most noteworthy authority at the Vatican. Correspondingly, a few nuns wear white propensities to uncover their rigid appearance, and, of course, a lady of the hour of a similar confidence generally wears a white wedding dress to show her virginal angle. Taking a gander at an alternate religion, it is exceptionally intriguing to find out about the custom in Islamic nations, where the dead are covered bare, enclosed by a white fabric. Their conviction is that it represents virtue and is a vital strict practice for the dead to get to paradise. With regards to realities, we additionally comprehend the need of white articles of clothing utilized in private or open emergency clinics, and most facilities. Here, there are mandatory guidelines where all clinical staff must wear white garbs, extending from tops to jackets and suits. It is the aim of the clinics to support their patients and outcasts, recognize the specialists, doctors, attendants and other clinical associates. We go on to interesting white manifestations, being those of nature. For instance, mists, day off, ice, mist and fog are on the whole normally white because of barometrical temperatures. Indeed, even the moon, stars and lightning flashes are white, notwithstanding, around evening time! Also, another model is that of bones, for example, people, fish, creatures of land and water, reptiles, winged creatures and warm blooded creatures, just as the milk delivered by people and creatures. In like manner, even the sap delivered by certain trees, is white. Different translations of white are available in linguistic articulations. It is likewise used to uncover a people picture, feelings or sentiments. A model would be, He got white with stun. Frequently, white utilized before a thing means the whiteness in shading, of that subject. Be that as it may, it is additionally conceivable that words utilized following the term can have nothing to do with the shading itself and can have totally extraordinary or conflicting implications, for example, A white chief of naval operations, a sort of butterfly from Eurasia; A white subterranean insect, another name for a termite that is dark in shading! As we approach the last subject, consider white and partner it with food. The aftereffect of our creative mind could be rice, sugar, salt or flour. Nonetheless, did we remember at a similar moment, that these nourishments were at first not white, however turned out to be so after an intensive procedure or refinement? Contrary to the past inquiry, it is stunning how some tissue nourishments not normally white in crude state, turn white in appearance, because of cooking. Such arranged nourishments are fish, chicken, turkey and duck. Thusly, what do we consider about white eggshells? We reason their normally white shading yet we certainly don't consider eating them! By the by, the egg whites, a piece of its eatable substance, additionally turns white in shading when cooked. A favorable food contrasted with those recently referenced is the cauliflower, a gainful vegetable that remaining parts white in shading and eatable, both in crude and cooked state. Subsequent to taking a gander at all these models, we presently acknowledge how tremendously the term can be deciphered, regardless of whether utilized strictly, emblematically, truthfully, as a characteristic creation, when all is said in done jargon or food. Maybe whenever we are posed an inquiry about a shading, our quick musings or suspicions will be to some degree extraordinary, than simply the standard shading itself!

Add Fire Effect on your Blogger Template Link

Add Fire Effect on your Blogger Template Link Adding effects on blogger link is amazing. We can add different effect on whole blogger templates links easily. Previously I have already shared with you to add Rainbow, lightning effect on links and today I will show you that how we can add a fire effect on your Blogger template easily. Actually this is not exactly fire but after applying this trick when any user mouse over on a link then it will be burn like fire but not any animation. I just applied hover effect on template default link code, as a result all links will get effect instantly. So just follow the below steps to add fire effect on your Blogger template. However before proceed take a backup of your Blogger template. Recommended:Add Color Gamut to Blog links for Rainbow effect Step1Log in to yourBlogger Accountand Go to yourBlogger Dashboard Step2Click on Now click on-Template-Edit HTML Step3Now find a:hover codeline by pressing Ctrl+F (Windows) or CMD+F (Mac) Step4Now replace the a:hover code by below code script. a:hover{text-shadow: 0 0 1.5px Step5And after that click onSave templatebutton. Recommended:Add lightning effect in specific blog link Alternative Steps If you don't find a:hover in your template then just add the script after/below b:skin![CDATA[ line. a:hover{text-shadow: 0 0 1.5px Now check your Blog and mouse over on a link and see fire effect on your blog link. If you have any query then you may ask. Thanks for being with us.

William Shakespeare s King Lear - 2234 Words

In the world of Shakespeare’s King Lear, the themes of justice and injustice pervade. Viewers are challenged by the dichotomy between man’s inherent goodness and man’s inherent evil. The concepts of justice and injustice are always rooted in the presumption of imbalances of some kind, and this is certainly the case in King Lear. It is littered with imbalances throughout, including the struggles between young and old, good and evil, rich and poor. The play can be seen as a series of trials eventually ending in what some may regard as justice and others may regard as grotesque nihilism (Snyder 3) at its finest. Whether or not there is any justice in the world of King Lear leads to the question of divine justice and its role in the play.†¦show more content†¦The play begins with the first trial and ultimately the first injustice. King Lear’s arrogant, foolish plan is to divide his kingdom up amongst his three daughters while still retaining the comf orts and honor associated with being king. Instead of divvying his kingdom up equally between the sisters, Lear decides who will get which portion of the kingdom on the basis of who can display the most filial love for him. Tell me, my daughters, (Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state) Which of you shall we say doth love us most That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge? (1.1.49-54) Goneril and Regan extravagantly oblige their father and shower him in praise and love, and in return each receive a third of the kingdom. When Cordelia is asked what she can say to convince her father she loves him the most and is deserving of a large portion of the kingdom, she simply replies with â€Å"Nothing, my Lord† (1.1.88). Cordelia refuses to participate in this absurd contest and recognizes that it is an inane, ridiculous request. â€Å"A sort of shameful reticence seems to ally with her refusal to accept a rhetorical competitive context, which, according to Cordelia, excludes the possibility of expressing true feelings. It therefore happens that Cordelia s inability or unwillingness to compete with

Strain Theory- An Explanation For Juvenile Delinquency...

Kasey Covington 22 October 2014 Prof. Joshua Wakeham I. Identifications 1. Strain Theory- An explanation for juvenile delinquency developed by Robert Merton in 1957. The Strain Theory focuses on the idea that Americans are expected to meet certain economic and social goals. Those who lack the means to carry out these goals turn to illegal ways to do so. Though this is true for many juveniles living below their means, the theory does not explain nonviolent crimes like white collar crimes. Also, many youth have opportunities but decline to take part in them. (Class notes 10/10 Slide 8) 2. Cognitive Behavioral Approach/Theory refers to the way that juveniles interpret the world around them. Problematic thinking leads to problematic behaviors. Having these thoughts eventually leads to a warped process of thinking ie. rationalization, minimization of harm, and severe victimization complex. (Class notes 10/10 Slide 15) 3. Classical School of Criminology- a just system of punishment for crimes coined by Ceasar Beccaria. Beccaria believed that humans acted on free will and commited crimes to satisfy their pleasure principle. This system was used to develop a fairer, more just and more effective system of criminal justice, but lacked in considering the age and cognitive clarity of juvenile offenders. (Shoemaker 2013: pp.62-63) 4. Broken Homes theory is one of the oldest, most popular explanations of delinquency. It refers to the broken family structure of juvenileShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency And Juvenile Crime Essay2267 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile delinquency, as well as juvenile gangs are interesting and popular topic in the world of criminal justice. What criminological theories tie in with the problems of juvenile delinquency, juvenile gangs, and the reasons why juveniles do what they do? This paper explains the theories that tie in with the why, and how juveniles end up the way they do. Using the different theories explained in this paper you could hypothesize an explanation as to why the juvenile committed a crime or joinedRead MoreAnomie Strain/ Differential Opportunity Theory2566 Words   |  11 PagesContrast; Anomie Strain and Differential Opportunity Theories Introduction- This paper will cover Anomie Strain, and Differential Opportunity theory. This will be done by an overview and explanations of the two theories, and by comparing and contrasting the theories based on the explanations Robert Merton, Richard Cloward, and Lloyd Ohlin proposes. To begin, the question that inspired Robert Merton, Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin was to explore what was the cause and explanation of why delinquentsRead MoreThe Criminal Strain : Social Dynamics, And Relationships Between People And How They Were Affected By The Industrial2857 Words   |  12 PagesCriminology 11 November 2014 The Criminal Strain In the early 1800’s early European theorists started observing behaviors, interactions, and relationships between people and how they were affected by the industrial revolution. There were many theorists that were influenced by the social dynamics of the revolution including Auguste Comete, Andre Guerry, and Adolphe Quetelet. These theorist proposed important aspects that contributed to social structure theories including economic factors that influencesRead MoreTheoretical Explanations Of Gang Formation Essay2253 Words   |  10 PagesTHEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS OF GANG FORMATION Several criminological theories developed to explain general deviance is now used in gang research because they offer explanations of why people join gangs (Tobin, 2008). This paper draws on those existing sociological research in identifying some theories used in explaining gang formation. The theories discussed are social structure, social conflict, and social process theories. It is also going to cover some branches of those theories; social disorganizationRead MoreFactor Affecting the Presence of Crime in Inner Cities of America788 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of crime in the inner cities of America is the result of many different factors. Although it is impossible to explain the issue with one single theory, it is possible to recognize the characteristics within society that have traditionally been associated with crime. These include poor neighborhoods, weak family structures and high rates of unemployment. However, they cannot be used to explain overarching mechanism s of extremely high rates of American urban crime today. Social structuresRead MoreThe Theory And General Strain Theory1262 Words   |  6 PagesA theory is described, as an idea or set of ideas generally intended to explain, to prove facts or events. Theory can be an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true, that is not an ideas that relates to a particular subject (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Theory is an explanation of something. Theories in criminal behavior explains why an individual commits criminal and delinquent acts. This paper will compare and contrast two theories of crime or criminal activities that was discuss in thisRead MoreWhat Did Durkheim Mean When He Called The Collective Conscience?1260 Words   |  6 Pagesfor understanding Crime and deviance. 2) Describe Merton s theory of Strain as an explanation of crime and deviance in society. Strain theory refers to when people turn to crime and deviancy when they feel unable to achieve socially approved goals through legitimate means. (Agnew, 1992). Featherstone and Deflem (2003) outline five routes that individuals could take in order to achieve their goals, according to Merton’s theory. The first is the ‘conformist’ route where individuals adhere toRead MoreCauses of Junvenile Delinquency2264 Words   |  10 PagesCauses of Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Aim This report aims to explore the relationship between juvenile delinquency and poor parenting and their failure to teach norms and values. It will also address other aspects of influence, including; peer pressure, mass media, poverty and the actions of the juvenile justice system. Theory Through this report, the following theory will be tested; â€Å"There is a link between juvenile delinquency, poor parenting and their failure to teach norms and valuesRead MoreSocial Deviance Theory, And Social Control Theory1941 Words   |  8 Pagestheir lives, I do agree with Locke s theory to an extent. In that most people are born with a blank slate, they are neither good nor bad, it is that we encounter in our lives that shape us into the person we become. Therefore, in my opinion the best theories so far that explains juvenile delinquency is a combination of several aspects from cultural deviance theory, strain theory, and social control theory. Cultural Deviance Theory argues that delinquency occurs naturally due to the conditionsRead MoreUnderstanding the Similarities to Strain Theory and General Theory of Crime3105 Words   |  13 PagesUnderstanding the similarities of Strain Theory, amp; General Theory of Crime Angela Sampson # 2396467 Sociology 345: Social Control Professor: James Chriss Cleveland State University April 30th 2012 Abstract: The purpose is to identify the similarities between Strain theories, and General Theory of Crime. Strain was developed from the work of Durkheim and Merton and taken from the theory of anomie. Durkheim focused on the decrease of societal restraint and the strain that resulted at the

Of Mice and Men Essay - 770 Words

Your mom B6 January 13, 2010 Of Mice and Men essay An allegory is a work where characters are symbols of ideas. They may symbolize anything from honesty to sadness. In an allegorical novel these characters and the ideas they represent form together to suggest a moral. The novel, Of Mice and Men is one of these allegorical novels. Its theme or moral is about friendship: the friendship of George and Lennie. The actions of the characters that represent ideas in the story bring about the chance for George to show his caring and love for Lennie in a powerful way making the story allegorical. All of the characters play a part in the novel whatever their size of the role that connects them allowing Of Mice and Men to function as an allegory.†¦show more content†¦George the good natured, but sometimes explosive character represents caring and love. Curley the ill tempered, boxing short guy represents hatred and anger. Lennie the lovable oaf of this classic story represents innocence in a dangerous way because he does not know what i s going on but could hurt anyone he wishes to. Curely’s wife represents desire and loneliness. She desires to have what she could’ve which is fame success and fortune, but because of Curley she is alone and depressed. These main characters are everything to the story, its support and its lifeline. Of Mice and Men is a novel but not an exceedingly long one. Because of the details that it packs into its pages, the characters are not immensely evolved. You know the story is allegorical because its characters are based on ideas. John Steinbeck made his characters simply ideas in human form more or less. Steinbeck had done this to make a short but effective story (effective in the sense of morals and description). The characters all represent basic ideas and they play a part in the moral. Curley’s anger caused him to keep his wife away from the farmhands. She then became lonely and went to talk to Lennie the innocent. Because of his stupidity and her loneliness she was killed and Curley’s anger was directed at Lennie. George’s caring and love for Lennie forced him to kill Lennie himself to save him from Curley’s hatredShow MoreRelatedOf Mice And Men Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay In today’s society people tend to be open about differences and respond to them understandingly. In the 2014 Special Olympic USA games Kim Chandler who is a thirty-eight-year-old olympic swimmer with down syndrome and uses her unique athletic skills to teach able children to swim. Kim is a brilliant example of how society has changed positively. What is so inspiring about Kim teaching children to swim is the way people accept her and include her in our own lives. We acceptRead More Of Mice And Men Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice And Men The novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ reveal life in the 1930’s. A time very diverse to ours. Steinback, the author of this novel wrote about various issues such as lifestyle of the travelling ranchmen, loneliness, friendship, the American dream, racism and sexism. The book is about two migrant labourers, George Milton and Lennie Small in California. Together they have a dream to save up enough to own a farm where George is his own boss and Lennie can have animal to feed and pet.Read MoreOf Mice and Men Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesCurleys Wife Essay Throughout the story Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, Curleys wife plays an important role to conclude the ending resolution of the novel, even though she is only presented in-person three times. Each time she shows her expressions both physical and mentally. During the course of the story you see Curleys wife is a tramp and she uses her body to get attention from the men on the ranch. At the beginning of the story, George and Lennie meet Curleys wife at the bunk house;Read MoreEssay on Of Mice and Men924 Words   |  4 PagesMykel Pierre Mrs. Crandall American Literature- 2nd 25 March 2013 Of Mice and Men â€Å"Dammit Lennie!† is something I always imagine George saying every two chapters of this story. George and Lennie were both inspired by real people that Steinbeck met when he was a bindlestiff in the 1920’s. The man who inspired Lennie was a mentally unstable who was very nice but also had major anger problems. Steinbeck used a character like this that can be easily controlled so he could use indirect characterizationRead More Of Mice and Men Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men John Steinbeck’s novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ is one of those books which make you believe everything that takes place between the covers. Books like these always remain as classics, because of their very informative and believable stories. John Steinbeck especially excels in this, and therefore is the reason I have chosen this book to describe. ‘Of Mice and Men’, the title of the novel, originates from the poem ‘To a Mouse’, by Robert Burns. It means that no matter what youRead MoreOf Mice and Men Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesOf mice and Men, Crooks says: â€Å" They come, an’they quit sn’ go on; an every damn one of ‘em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a god damn one of ‘em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Every’body wants a little piece of lan’. †¦Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It’s just in their head.† To what extent do you agree with Crooks assessment of â€Å"The American Dream†? To a certain extent I agree with Crooks statement. There are many dreams in this novel. Not only for GeorgeRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN ESSAY Libre2222 Words   |  9 PagesOf Mice And Men Essay Of mice and men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. Of mice and men essay Metis-sur-Mer of mice and men essay Columbus, Leicestershire, Palmdale, Bakersfield of mice and men essay san antonio write essay for me, of mice and men essay Alexandria uploading essay to common app, Chester of mice and men essay Norfolk geometry and algebra 1 formula sheet Of mice and men essay State of Rhode Island andRead MoreOf Mice and Men Expository Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Expository Essay John Steinback’s Of Mice and Men is a book that describes the chase of the American Dream. Although achieving the American Dream is a great desire for all, seldom does it actually come true. George and Lennie, the two main characters in the book, have a goal of pursuing their version of the American Dream, as do many other characters. However, due to relationships and other conflicts, that dream is not achieved. Almost immediately, Steinback poses the questionRead MoreOf Mice and Men Loneliness Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay: ‘Soledad’ means loneliness. Why is this relevant in ‘Of Mice and Men’? The relevance of ‘Of Mice and Men’ being set in the town of Soledad comes from the parallels drawn between the meaning of the name ‘Soledad’ and the deeper sense of loneliness expressed through the characters of the novella. The symbolism of the loneliness that is associated with the town of Soledad establishes an underlying sense of loneliness in all characters. The author uses a variety of techniquesRead More Of mice and men Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesOf Mice and Men nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Of Mice and Men was written during a period of racism. In the 1960s it was important for everyone to get along with eachother because not everyone was equal. George and Lennie showed a great part in friendship throught the whole book. At the ranch in Selinas mostly everyone showed friendship in some way. Friendship was a great factor when the book was published because of all the racism going on at the time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Friendship

Classical Liberalism Essay Research Paper Classical liberalism free essay sample

Classical Liberalism Essay, Research Paper Classical liberalism was the dominant political orientation of capitalist economy during the periods of 18th century. It position was widely accepted. It said that authorities should merely sit back and ticker concern so they do non rip off the authorities besides to implement contracts. The classical had many credos they were Psychological, economic, and, political. Each position has its ain points. In this paper I will discourse those points and demo you how Bob Dole is a classical progressive. Psychological credo of classical liberalism is based on four premises of human nature. Peoples were believed to be egocentric, in cold blood ciphering, indispensable inert, and atomistic. Hobbes a economic sciences argued that people were motivated by the desire for pleasance and to avoid hurting. Jeremy Bentham believed pleasance differ in strength but there was no qualitative difference. He argued that # 8220 ; quality of pleasance being equal, to a thumbtack is every bit good as poesy, # 8221 ; The theory he is seeking to state about human motive is that the we are lazy and selfish A large portion of classical liberalism is that we are in cold blood ciphering. Bing coldly ciphering agencies that when a state of affairs comes about we dissever what will do us receive less hurting and more pleasance. Although the human motive is by pleasance it is the determination that are cold, selfish, dispassionate, and rational appraisal of the state of affairs to take how to avoid the hurting and have the pleasance. The accent on the importance of rational measuring of pleasance and pains that forms the ciphering rational side of the classical progressive? s of psychological science. Classical liberalism tells us that if the persons saw there was no opportunity of pleasance or feared no hurting, so they would be inert, motionless, or in simpler footings. Just field lazy. Any type of excess work is consider painful hence would non been done unless person were to assure them greater pleasance so the hurting. This thought of the human race being lazy came approximately in the 1700 to 1770 in England where people merely worked because of the fright of hungriness. The Reverend Joseph Townsend put this position really compactly: # 8221 ; Hunger is non merely peace-loving, soundless and unremitted force per unit area, but, as the most natural motivation to industry and labour, it calls forth the most powerful exertions. # 8221 ; Towsend believed that # 8220 ; merely the experience of hungriness would spur them to labour # 8221 ; The last position of classical liberalism is atomistic. The position of atomism is that the person was a more cardinal world than the group or society. The classical progressives rejected the positions of Christian paternalist ethic which was that the society is like a household and the relationships that made up that society was more impo rtant so the person. Classical progressives believed the society was nil but a additive of the persons that constructed it. The classical progressives believed that economic credo was that people would ever exercise themselves to be better and more affluent so the people around them. If both capitalists and labourers were left entirely, self-interest would steer them o use their capital and labour where were are most productive. The hunt for more money would be all society would necessitate to maintain itself together. They believed that the authorities should hold no control to restrict or command in any manner to what is to be produced and how. A better merchandise will ever exceed another so self-interest would endeavor manufacturers to bring forth better quality merchandises for the consumers. The political credo said that the authorities should protect society in three ways. The first manner was from any menaces of from external menaces which lead in the 19th century to a protection of foreign markets through armed coercion. The 2nd manner was to protect citizens against # 8220 ; unfairnesss # 8221 ; committed by other citizens. The protection was merely for private belongings, enforcement of contracts, and saving of internal order. The 3rd was giving the authorities the occupation to protect the beginning of power of the economically and politically dominant category ; the capitalists. When Bob Dole said # 8220 ; its your money, its your money, its your money, and you know how to pass it better than the authorities # 8221 ; he was mentioning to the position of the classical liberalism where we are in cold blood ciphering, narcissistic, inert, and, atomistic. He believes that society would drive themselves. He agrees with the economic credo that the authorities should merely protect us from the # 8220 ; unfairnesss # 8221 ; of society. I agree with what Bob Dole is stating because I believe that people will plunge themselves to acquire more money which in bend will do better quality goods and besides more occupations. Which in bend will do a better society. I besides believe that the authorities should non be able to command concerns merely watch over them. I besides agree that the authorities should merely protect us from # 8220 ; unfairnesss # 8221 ; and to assist keep contracts. Classical liberalism is a position that people know how to run a good society whether they know it or non. It is a natural thrust to make better. Society will larn to utilize each other to make better, to force ourselves farther, and intern aid each other out. We do non necessitate the authorities to command us because that may in clip cause a society to self-destruct because you are non being lead by the positions and thrusts of yourself but the volitions of others. So inconclusion classical liberalism is a position that is really necessary in our society. . 32f