The big brother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The big brother - Essay Example We had realized this basic fact even centuries ago. An authority to rule and regularize is a must for the very survival of a society. All the systems which do not own such a surveillance arrangement will get only history of failure. Either other forces win over them or they perish by themselves. Realizing the unavoidable role of an administrative authority, we are pursuing the search for finding good models. Many options are developed, but still difficult to point out a perfect one. Developing new models, facing problems when they are attempted practically, trying for other forms- this set of activities is a continuing process. It is not sure whether we can reach a completely foolproof system. Anyway the necessity of administrative systems makes it relevant to continue with the discussions and studies on this topic. Different administrative systems are having different features. On common points different systems may have contradictory approaches also. There will be people to support both the approaches. So it is difficult to rate administrative systems and differentiate as good or bad. The only thing one can do is to compare and explain merits and demerits of each and all systems. We can name enough administrative forms like democracy, imperialism and autocracy. But when we start discussing about one particular system it is quite sure to think about other systems also. Of course, in such thoughts and discussions some terms also will be so common. Big Brother is one among the very important and popular term in these sorts of studies. For so long the term is in use among students of administrative systems. The term Big Brother was used first by George Orwell in his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. (books.google.co.in/bookshl=en&id=yxv1LK5gyV4C&dq=big+brother&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=ol68A61VMb&sig=yu_lbdDeMTS6kHyAZDugrC6KE6M&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA1,M1). Big Brother is being presented as the all powerful dictator of Oceania state. Oceania is a totalitarian state where the ruling party is all important and superior to all other power centers and individuals of the state. It is observed that everybody is under the surveillance of Big Brother all the time. Even a phrase "Big Brother is watching you" developed as an after effect. It is not clear from the novel whether Big Brother was a real man or not. But the Party presents Big Brother as a real leader and one important one among the founder leaders of it. He is considered to be the leader of revolution also. O'Brien, a character in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four explains the cause which led to the development of Big Brother concept. According to O'Brien the aim of the Party is to gain power. It is not planning to create a heaven on earth. But need power only. The Party after capturing power is bothered only of remaining power, says O'Brien. To capture power they are thinking of bringing changes in the mindset of people. Make them stay off from enjoyments in life and Party believes that through this society also will undergo a change which will be favorable to the Party. If it is possible to bring this change in the society, the Party leaders hope that they capture power. Such a society will not have any good qualities like mercy or love. It will be a society with no space for art, literature or even science. Absence of such areas will give birth to such a situation in which people won't be having much topics other than party to think of.

The Guardian but left out of the Mirror Essay Example for Free

The Guardian but left out of the Mirror Essay The Guardian has really included as much information as it can on this story. The content is detailed and more involved than that which is in the Mirror, so that the reader gets a clearer and broader view of what is going on. There is now a debate over whether it [a draft of the weapons report] should be released to the Congress over the next fortnight, as has been widely expected, is an example of a fact which has been included in the Guardian but left out of the Mirror. If all you need to know is that the government have failed to find any weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, then you only need to read the Mirror which outlines all the major aspects of the story in an accessible manner. But if you are very interested or involved with the matter of the war in Iraq, then the Guardian is more informative. Both reports are generally geared towards a disapproving or mocking feeling towards the British and American governments because of the claims that they have made and not been able to back up. The Mirror is less strong about this, but they both imply that Tony Blair has been given a run for his money over the question of whether we went to war with Iraq on false assumptions, which it now appears the government were just using as an excuse to back up their actions. The Guardian uses a quote from David Albright, a former UN weapons inspector Its clear that the US and British governments wildly exaggerated the case for going to war Im not surprised, given how incompetent this search has been. Theyve had bad relations with the [Iraqi] scientists from the start because they treated them all as criminals. Because the article in the Mirror is shorter and contains less information, there are fewer quotes or facts which make the report seem biased. The political opinion of the paper is less obvious in the text. Apart from the WMD-Ometer joke, which is lightly fun-poking rather than politically expressive, the article is only mildly opinionated and generally just gives the reader the necessary facts. It would appear that the reporter was writing for a paper which did not have a very strong political view on the matter and did not want to force an opinion onto its readers either, expect for the inevitable general feeling of disappointment and irony. The Mirror does not expect its readers to formulate political and philosophical arguments and opinions by reading the article. They want to give the reader basic facts and concentrate more on the emotional and funny side of things. Political bias in the Guardian is present but subtle, so that it does not appear to be brainwashing its audience but merely informing them from a certain angle. It is now very easy to see how different newspapers handle their stories differently according to the readership at which they are aiming. While some people want to be able to pick up a cheap, attention grabbing newspaper for an easy read, lots of light human interest stories and minimal heavy news, some people prefer a paper which goes into more detail about the more controversial issues in the news and doesnt bother with gossipy, irrelevant stories. Of course it also depends on your mood, and when and where you are going to be reading the paper. People usually prefer to have broadsheet papers like the Guardian delivered to them or to buy it from a local shop, so that they can sit and read it at home over a meal or when they have nothing else to do. Smaller more accessible newspapers like the Mirror are more suitable for reading on the move or early in the morning on the way to work or school while you are really not in a mood for mind-consuming activities such as reading a difficult and in-depth article. The Metro, a free tabloid paper available every morning from any London Underground station, is a perfect example of this. It is mass produced every day and issued out for free, so it is made sure that the Metro is readable for absolutely anyone who is travelling on the Underground and has nothing else to read. It is also provided as a way to occupy the travellers so that they dont have to look at each other, as social harmony on the Tube is not exactly very comfortable. The Guardian is more expensive so you would only really buy it if you were intending to read all or most of it, whereas with the cheaper tabloid papers you can flick through them as a way of occupying yourself when you have nothing better to do, and you want quick impact for less time, money and concentration. Information in the larger, more expensive papers is more thorough, but slowly assimilated. Tabloids tend to contain more supposition and exaggeration to make the story seem more extreme and therefore more exciting for the reader. Language is fairly simple but expressive verbs are used to make the events seem more real. Usually tabloids focus more on the human element of their stories, in order to draw emotions from the reader and keep them interested. Although the language used and the structure and presentation of broadsheet newspapers seems to be aimed at more intelligent people and vice versa, it probably isnt entirely fair or accurate to say that more intelligent people read the Guardian and stupid, dumb people read the Mirror. Obviously this is true in a lot of cases, but the two papers are written for different purposes and occasions, and not necessarily just for different types of people. You will find that a lot of very intelligent people read tabloids for convenience and enjoyment, and similarly some less intelligent people who do not especially enjoy reading will read a broadsheet if there is an issue going on which they are particularly concerned with and want to follow in more depth. Also, although (we trust that) facts in newspapers are accurate, and quotations and statistics are genuine the ways in which they are dealt with depend very much on the newspapers own viewpoint. Especially with broadsheet papers, each one tends to support a certain political party, and the angles that they take on their stories are biased towards this. Papers cannot be objective, even if they try to be, because all the articles are written and put together by people, who have their own feelings and opinions about whatever they are writing about. People who buy newspapers regularly get into the habit of reading the one whose attitude is most similar to their own. This is why there is sometimes jokey controversy between readers of differently opinionated newspapers, and papers are stereotyped according to which political party they are biased towards. There are many different ways in which the media can convey news and entertainment to the public, and you can see this very clearly in the different types of newspapers and news articles that people write. Just like any other piece of writing, newspapers are not just written to inform; but to persuade, to entertain, to advertise, to advise, and, in varying degrees of subtlety, to instruct. It is very important to be able to consider carefully the type of newspaper you are reading from and be aware of how it is aiming to affect its readers.

Global Warming Essay -- Environment Global Warming Climate Change

Global Warming For the last 20 years or so the subject of global warming has spawned heated debate among the world’s brightest minds. Its causes and effects, if either actually exists, have been hotly debated. The most popular hypothesis is called the greenhouse effect with the agreed upon cause being green house gasses. These gasses are all naturally occurring and include water vapor, methane, oxygen, and the now infamous carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gasses exist in the atmosphere and have an effect on our global weather. They trap radiated heat and prevent it from exiting our atmosphere. This supposedly increases global temperatures and is, or will, cause melting of the polar ice caps. This in turn is expected to raise sea level and cause global coastal flooding. A brief geology lesson The world we live on is at least 4.6 billion years old. In that time span it has undergone immense changes. At one time most of the land surface was connected. The continents separated and migrated to their present positions. The force behind this is called plate tectonics. The sea floor is still spreading today and is the driving force for all of the earthquakes and volcanic activity that we experience today. Convection currents created by the tremendous heat and pressure of the inner core move the plates. This core is undergoing massive thermonuclear reactions. The heat produced migrates outward and the currents it produces move the plates. This process also releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor. This has been taking place since the Earth was formed. We know from geologic record that there have been numerous greenhouse and icehouse ages. The question is, is the greenhouse state caused by greenhouse gasses? Probably not, at least not entirely. There are several other factors involved - the most significant being the Milankovitch cycles. These are three cycles that describe the motion of the Earth through space. The first involves the Earth’s orbit around the sun. The orbit is not perfectly round, but elliptical. This means that at one point the Earth is closer to the sun than at other times. This cycle takes about 100,000 years to complete. The second cycle involves the tilt of the Earth’s axis. The Earth’s axis is currently tilted about 23.5 degrees. But this tilt is not constant. Throughout a period of about 40,000 years the tilt changes a f... ...een showing a downward trend since their peak in 1940. Satellite readings continue to show a decrease in temperature. They recorded 1997 as the coolest year since this technology has been implemented. This imagery was also accurate enough to predict â€Å"that â€Å"La Nina† would predominate in 1998, lowering global temperatures significantly"2. That same year Moscow recorded its coldest December in a century3. Conclusion This great world of ours has been around for a long time – at least 4.6 billion years. During that time untold and unimaginable changes have taken place. Countless icehouse and greenhouse ages have come and gone. Continents have been created, destroyed, and migrated over and over again. Thousands, perhaps millions, of species have come and gone. All this, and more, without any influence from man. In geologic terms we have been on this Earth for a very, very short time. The Earth evolves on a time scale that we cannot comprehend. It has developed a balance, a system of checks and balances, which we have little or no control over. To think that we can alter a global climate that has been 4.6 billion years in the making merely shows just how much we have yet to learn.

Discrimination of the Homosexual Essay

A simple look into the history of mankind and one can quickly conclude, discrimination of the homosexual is, quite possibly, one of the earliest forms of discrimination to exist. Centuries later tolerance, acceptance, and equal rights continue to have a stronghold on the homosexual community, often fueling public debate and strong opposition within Congress, the workplace, and even in the confines of the family dynamic. Discrimination of the homosexual quite possibly has one of the greater disadvantages of all other forms of human discrimination because many would argue, according to the Holy Bible, God, Himself, disapproves. From the earliest chapters of the Bible, such as Leviticus 18:22 (New King James Version) which reads, â€Å"Do not lie with a man as one lies with a woman; that is detestable. †1 to 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 that states, â€Å"Or do you not know that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, 10 nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, shall inherit the kingdom of God. â€Å"2 man quickly comes to the conclusion that God clearly sees the homosexual as unacceptable. Therefore, many feel entitled to discriminate against the homosexual community believing if God says it is wrong, one is somehow given permission to act as they are God and carry forth hatred and zero tolerance for the group. However, if one truly studies or reads the Bible, one will find that God detests quite a few things, one being â€Å"hatred†. And, where one may point to a few of these scriptures with regard to homosexuality, the very group tends to forget to include the many other scriptures that support God’s mandate for all to love one another, to forgive one another, and to avoid judgment of all humankind. Discrimination is painful – it stirs hatred, it destroys individuals, families, communities, nations, and the world at large. Discrimination of homosexuals, in particular, has resulted in countless deaths, suicides, assaults, and shattered lives yet this discrimination continues and shows little signs of coming to an end. And, it remains fact that one of the greatest tools many have to show just cause for their hatred and discrimination continues to be the Bible. Often taken out f context, or neglecting to study the historical or geographic reasoning behind various scriptures, entire churches and denominations band together in direct opposition of the homosexual community all while forgetting God’s direct words, â€Å"My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you. † (John 15:12)3 This one scripture is a far cry from God’s permission to allow homosexual discrimination. Yet, many â€Å"Christians† are quick to dismiss the scripture and opt to use the Holy Bible to support displays of hatred and bitterness all while destroying families and contributing to the suicide rate of the world’s youth in alarming numbers. Discrimination can be defined as â€Å"the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. †4 Discrimination shows little room for tolerance or a desire for understanding, compassion, or respect for an individual’s right to chose his or her path in life. Discrimination stirs anger and hatred as evidenced by many acts of violence that have taken place for centuries. Discrimination causes individual self-doubt, feelings of hopelessness and lack of security. Discrimination of the homosexual often leaves an individual feeling out casted by everyone; often alienated by his or her very own family. For the young individual facing such scrutiny and hatred, there often seems no way out, especially for those surrounded by others who have lost compassion and a true loving heart. With no one to turn to, no one to fully understand or provide support, many of these youth turn to the unthinkable: suicide. It is a burden and pressure far too overwhelming for many – often much more so when you belong to an organization that feels they’ve been granted biblical permission to target an individual. Such was so in case of young Eric James Borges. Eric James Borges endured a life-long struggle with coming terms with his sexual identity. Feeling â€Å"different† and unlike other boys from the time he was a young child, he quickly learned to suppress his feelings and emotions for fear of others finding out he was a homosexual – a gender identity that had been made clear to him was unacceptable to society, to his family and, above all, to God. But, it wasn’t long into his life where this became difficult to mask, far too overwhelming of a task to keep hidden. His less han masculine mannerisms and attractions to activities associated as girlish made him a quick target. And, soon came harassment. As though not difficult enough to deal with the bullying, emotional and physical abuse of his peers, young Eric’s fundamentalist Christian home provided little by way of a haven from the pain. If anything, the home provided added reinforcement and strengthened Eric’s certainty that something was deeply wrong with him. Unfortunately, the adults in Eric’s life, including his Christian parents, made life dramatically worse for the young man. Growing up in a home where Christian values and standards were strictly enforced, Eric’s parents viewed his sexual orientation as defiant and wrong in the eyes of God. Eric began a life on display, often the subject of family prayer during which time family members would pray for his â€Å"healing† and â€Å"deliverance† from the â€Å"curse† placed on his life. His family, too, endured pressure by many within the church, some accusing the parents of living a sinful life of their own that resulted in the curse. Rather than learn to love their son and support, guide, and encourage him with compassion and loving arms, Eric’s parents succumbed to their own inner insecurities, often applying far more pressure on the youngster and accusing him of choosing an immoral life, at one point calling upon divine intervention: an exorcism. When performing the ritual exorcism with the anticipation of curing him of his cursed sexual orientation failed, his parents chose the next best course of action: demanding he leave the household. Shattered, torn, and disowned, the young Eric found support in a few who showed him love and compassion. He joined and participated in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered, and Questioning (LGBTQ) groups which introduced him to others who had led difficult lives – some less devastating than Eric’s, but others just as tragic. During this time, he participated in a movement designed to educate and create awareness and provide information to the public that the homosexual life was neither a â€Å"curse† from God neither the demonic lifestyle so often portrayed by many within the world’s churches. Eric became a guest speaker, a young author, a figure among struggling homosexual youth and a noted survivor of a life targeted by discrimination. But, despite all the advances and his personal accomplishments, the damage had been done to Eric. Without the love and support of his family and relatives, with the pain associated with a lifetime of abuse, Eric, could no longer endure his internal suffering. Young Eric James Borges committed suicide January 14, 2012 at age 19 near his hometown of Visalia, California. Discrimination of the homosexual continues, and it must end. But, will it? Consider the recent development in Australia. Prime Minister Julia Gillard has very recently assured religious organizations new rights under a recently-passed bill will ensure they have the freedom to discriminate against those they have deemed â€Å"sinners,† including homosexuals. Under this law schools, hospitals, and faith-based organizations will be able to refuse to hire â€Å"sinners† with minor stipulations. Discrimination by religious organizations throughout Australia has been a long-standing issue and has now only strengthened its case by the passing of this new law. This law, alone, could produce many with the future of Eric James Borges – one that ends in tragedy largely due to people’s harsh, unkind, and inhumane words – words many feel entitled to use because they use God as means to support their hatred. God is a God of love, mercy, and compassion. In His eyes we are equally and beautifully-made, a perfect Masterpiece, a wondrous work. It’s time for this discrimination to end and for us to embrace the homosexual community with love, compassion, understanding and the true Heart of God.

How would you direct act one scene one of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? Essay

Act one scene one of â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† opens by portraying to us the situation between the four lovers. Shakespeare creates the subtle impression that they are perplexed group of people with no balance between them. This provides both comedy and tension throughout the play. The basic complexities between the parties are laid out during this opening scene. A major influence to the direction of this scene is the audience’s perception of the different relationships. Shakespeare more than likely intended this scene to cause confusion as to who loves who, which in turn invites the audience formulate their own ideas. Naturally, the audience will want the four to form two couples instead of one confusing mess. To effectively portray this onstage, the four lovers should be proximate to the one that they love. This will cause a visual divide between the characters because not all of the lovers are happy with those who are in love with them. For example, if Demetrius went about following Hermia, she would continually walk away from him because she does not love him. To further emphasise the divide between the lovers that forms the basis of the first scene, I would direct Hermia’s father Egeus to be very angry with Lysander. He would show this through body language such as thrusting his fists into the air, and tone of voice, which would be loud and harsh. This creates a tense atmosphere onstage and furthermore reinforces the confusion and disapproving dispositions of the characters onstage. The opening section of the first scene gives us the impression that there is confusion between who loves who, and this is obvious to the audience. Shakespeare also tells us that Demetrius once loved Helena, and this hints to the audience that it may happen again – thus solving the ever tangled â€Å"love quartet†. To show this to the audience, when Demetrius talks to Helena, they would often come close as if the rapport between them is very strong, then back away. The general body language of the two would show that there is still a chance of a reunion. By the time that Helena tells Demetrius of Lysander and Hermia’s planned elopement, the audience are aware that if Demetrius did happen to fall in love with Helena again, all would be well. This makes the audience want them to get back together. In order to bring out the comedy in this scene, I would direct the lovers to be very serious: overly deep and preoccupied with their own feelings. The inflated characters taking the ludicrous situation seriously would be comical. The fact that they are selfish and are only concerned with their own feelings in this scene also adds to the comic value. They are funny, however, singularly – they don’t involve relationships with any other character in order to be comical. Act one scene one is used to present the four lovers to us and describe their situation. Each of the four is presented in a different way, and depending on their direction is how the audience would perceive them. Shakespeare presents Helena as completely hung up about her looks. In order to show this, I would have Helena with too much make up on, possibly carrying a mirror and checking herself all the time. Her stage presence would show her as very flamboyant and very melodramatic in her movement, over exaggerating gestures in order to show her self-assured ‘importance’. We know that she is anxious about her looks because of her nervous reaction when Lysander calls her â€Å"fair†. Later on in the scene, Hermia becomes self-conscious about her height. It is her reaction to this that is comical. Firstly, she takes the jests very seriously. I would direct her to show this through facial expression, relaying to the audience her devastation. Secondly, she reacts by mocking Helena – â€Å"Thou painted maypole†. These lines are intrinsically humorous, so using obvious angry facial expressions and perhaps grabbing each other as if to fight would bring out the comic value of the segment. Demetrius is willing to see Hermia executed to prevent her from marrying another man, and Lysander appears to think of himself as a hero in a love story: he is egotistical and pretentious. It is ironic that eh thinks of himself as heroic because he is in fact, the opposite. In order to show Lysander’s naivety and contrast to Demetrius, I would direct him to appear less intelligent than the others. My dramatic intentions in this scene would be to present to the audience the confusion between the four lovers onstage in act one scene one. The main method I would use to do this would be to ensure a contrast between those that do not love each other, which would be shown through negative body language and stage positioning that portrays they do not want to be near each other.

Free sample - Type 2 Diabetes. translation missing

Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 DiabetesValentine (1998) defines Type 2 diabetes as a lifelong disease that is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. Through research, Type 2 diabetes has been found to be the most common form of diabetes. This type of diabetes is caused by the problem of the body making less insulin or not utilizing the available insulin appropriately. Insulin is very important as it helps to move excess blood glucose into cells so that it can be stored as fats and later utilized for energy production. In case excess blood sugar is not absorbed into cells for it to be converted into fats, a problem called hyperglycemia takes place which is characterized by the build up of abnormal high levels of glucose in the blood. Normally, as the levels of glucose in the blood stream increases, the pancreas is triggered to produce more insulin. But in this case the insulin becomes inadequate that it cannot keep up the demand of the body (Clarke, et al. 2003).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research findings by Levin, et al. (2005) show that insulin resistance cases are mostly experienced by those individuals who are overweight. This is because fat usually interferes with the ability of the body to utilize insulin. Most of the thin people who are affected by this disease are the elderly especially aged above 45 years of age since their body organ system is weaker that it cannot easily convert the fats in the body into energy to allow insulin work effectively. In some cases genetics and family history play a significant role in acquisition of this common type of diabetes such that the disease is inherited by the progeny if the parents were affected. Ethnicity is another risk factor, for instance Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and Native Americans have been found to have increased rates of diabetes (Lasser, et al., 2006). By Poland, et al. (1998), it is apparent that the choices individuals make in a daily basis determine their physiological well being.   There are a number of steps to enable an individual have a healthier lifestyle which can reduce or prevent the possibility of developing Type 2 diabetes as well as pre-diabetes. These can comprise of maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy and balanced diet, ensuring that one does regular physical activities, by avoiding smoking cigarette, and by keeping one’s health in check. So that an individual can maintain a healthy body weight, it is advisable to exercise the body regularly as well as eat the foods which can provide the body with healthy diet, one should also talk to the concerned healthcare givers regarding the appropriate weight that they should have at that particular time, and it is better for an individual to learn how to calculate their Body Mass Index (Pearlin, 1992). To ensure a healthy and balanced diet, it is advisable to eat a diet constituting a variety of foods for instance protein rich foods, green vegetables for vitamins, and carbohydrates. Plenty of fruits and vegetables should be eaten daily especially 5 to 10 vegetables and fruits per day. Meals with high fiber content especially soluble fiber should be consumed to enable the hormone insulin perform well. This is because the soluble fiber slows down the release of ingested food into the intestine and prevents the blood sugar from elevating rapidly. Thus for the patients of Type 2 diabetes, taking enough soluble fiber is often very important as they will be allowed to take a smaller amount of diabetes medication. Eating less salt and fats can also ensure  Ã‚   physiological well being of an individual’s body as the accumulation of fats hinders the insulin from carrying out its function of converting glucose into fats. The amount of alcohol that an individual consumes should also be limited since a lot of it can result into high blood pressure and consequently bring about the risk of Type 2 diabetes (Gropper Smith, 2008).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regular physical activities ensure less fats around the body organs and tissues hence insulin finds conducive environment to work in. It’s advisable that an individual should be active for a period of at least 30 minutes daily. Activities that build strength, flexibility, and endurance are very significant and should be included, and it will be very important if an individual enjoys the activities. Smoking is another dangerous behavior to the well being of an individual since the nicotine narrows the blood vessels and consequently increases blood pressure which is another risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Some people absorb the second-hand smoke as they get new the smoking zone but never realize that they well be affected the same way the smoking people will be affected. There it is advisable to keep distance from the smoking zones to avoid the consequent effects (Poland, et al. 1998). It is very important to keep one’s health on check, for instance getting enough bed rest by sleeping. Getting enough sleep enables the brain to relax and regain energy for various body activities. Through research findings, it has been found that reduced quantity of sleep can weaken appetite regulation and the metabolism of glucose resulting in amplified risk of obesity which at long run will bring about diabetes. Consecutive nights of interrupted sleep seem to put individuals at increased risk of getting infected with type 2 diabetes. Being active is also very crucial since physical activities reduce stress which could otherwise hinder the normal functioning of the body’s organ system. Managing high blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol reduces the tendency of being attacked by Type 2 diabetes (Pearlin, 1992).   Indubitably, it is very important for an individual to be engaged in regular physical activities for at least 30 minutes every day. This can considerably reduce the amount of fats in the body which could otherwise reduce the activity of the insulin hormone.   Regular exercises also enhance quick oxidation of excess sugars hence reducing the level of glucose in the blood to normal. Measures like regular physical activities have also been found to bring about health problems to individuals especially when they are sick. It is not advisable for an individual to exercise when for instance their blood sugar level exceeds300 mg/dl, they have difficulties with breathing, they are sick in whichever way, their urine have got ketones, or they are experiencing any prickling, numbness or pain in their legs. If one’s medication is peaking, it is also important not to exercise (Frank, 2005). The fruit diet has been found to reduce the incidences of Type 2 diabetes in the world population. Due to misconceptions, this has been found to have its shortcomings to the well being of an individual. There should be a specification on the type of fruits and vegetables that should be taken in plenty and those which should be taken in low quantities. For instance, some fruits contain more sugar than others such that if fruits with a lot of sugar are consumed in large quantities every day, the level of sugar in the blood stream will increase hence putting an individual into the risk of becoming diabetic. It is advisable that a serving of fruit should contain carbohydrates amounting to 15 grams. Therefore it is advantageous to consume low-carbohydrate fruits since they can be consumed in plenty thus reducing the incidences of Type 2 diabetes (Levin, et al. 2005).   According to Lasser, et al. (2006), in America a special type of food called pizza is usually very important in preventing diabetes. So, most of the individuals in the American population eat the pizza in a daily basis since it is a healthy food containing complex carbohydrates, proteins, and vegetables. By research findings, it has been found that when eaten too much, pizza has its own shortcomings to the American population in spite of it being a balanced diet. This kind of food increases blood sugars to shoot up when eaten too much and as a result can cause diabetes. Pizza is also classified under the food with high fat content. Foods with high fat content like pizza can cause a delayed absorption of carbohydrates for some hours after one has eaten and as a result, the level of blood sugar will be kept elevated for about 8 hours (L. Henry, 2002).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the types of diabetes, Type 2 diabetes is the most common in any given human population. It can be distinguished from the other types of diabetes such that it can attack an individual even when insulin hormone is normally produced in the body. Type 2 diabetes comes into being when the insulin does not carry out its task effectively, that is, it does not convert the excess sugars in the blood stream into the form that can be stored for future use. It has been found that the factors which increase the accumulation of fats in the body enhance the incidences of Type 2 diabetes, for instance consuming a lot of fatty foods, and some times staying idle without doing physical activity. Also those factors which can increase the blood pressure, causes the disease, for example tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Our American Journey essays

Our American Journey essays My American Journey, an insight into a whirlwind life of a once discriminated young boy who alters into a world leader. General Colin Powell was born in New York City in 1937 to parents whom were native to the island of Jamaica. General Powell matured into the man he is today in the South Bronx of New York and later entered into his military career. Through this book General Powell recollects his young childhood and the battles he faced with it, continuing with his internal and external battles in Vietnam, and lastly his rise to true American Fame as a government servant to our nation. The General's childhood this is what truly molded him. General Powell was a minority and felt the hardships of this non-self-proclaimed title. The General grew up in the South Bronx of New York City being raised by poor parents. It was although seen that the General did not let this hinder him to his full potential. Preceding the afterward in the General's autobiography he lists rules that apply to his life. The very first rule listed comes from this, his childhood circumstances, which states "It aint as bad as you think. It will look better in the morning." General Powell obviously took this note very much to heart for he conquered his physical appearances and graduated from the City College of New York to move onto his military career. General Powell let himself be applied to life and did not obey what society wanted him to do. He was going to be known for the world was going to experience him and deep inside himself he knew this. Learning about General Powell's early childhood allowed me to see early African American movements more on their standpoint. It is quite evident as we read our history books that African Americans battled great hardships and the white males truly battered the African Americans inner strength. Through the General retelling his experiences the once sympathetic feeling I had towards them now dampered for it now made ...

Otto Bayer and the History of Polyurethane

Otto Bayer and the History of Polyurethane Polyurethane is an organic polymer  composed of  organic  units joined by  carbamate (urethane) links. While most polyurethanes are  thermosetting polymers  that do not melt when heated,  thermoplastic polyurethanes  are also available. According to the Alliance of The Polyurethane Industry,  Polyurethanes are formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. Polyurethanes are best known to the public in the form of flexible foams: upholstery, mattresses,  earplugs, chemical-resistant coatings, specialty adhesives and  sealants, and packaging. It also comes to the rigid forms of insulation for buildings, water heaters, refrigerated transport, and commercial and residential refrigeration. Polyurethane products often are simply called â€Å"urethanes†, but should not be confused with  ethyl carbamate, which is also called urethane. Polyurethanes neither contain nor are produced from ethyl carbamate. Otto Bayer Otto Bayer and co-workers at IG Farben  in Leverkusen, Germany,  discovered and patented the chemistry of polyurethanes in 1937.  Bayer (1902 - 1982) developed the novel polyisocyanate-polyaddition process. The basic idea which he documents from March 26, 1937, relates to spinnable products made of hexane-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI) and hexa-1,6-diamine (HDA). Publication of German Patent DRP 728981 on November 13, 1937: A process for the production of polyurethanes and polyureas. The team of inventors consisted of  Otto Bayer, Werner Siefken, Heinrich Rinke, L. Orthner and H. Schild. Heinrich Rinke   Octamethylene diisocyanate and butanediol-1,4 are the units of a polymer produced by Heinrich Rinke. He called this area of polymers polyurethanes, a name which was soon to become known worldwide for an extremely versatile class of materials.   Right from the start, trade names were given to polyurethane products. Igamid ® for plastics materials, Perlon ® for fibers.   William Hanford  and  Donald Holmes   William Edward Hanford and Donald Fletcher Holmes invented a process for making the multipurpose material polyurethane. Other Uses In 1969, Bayer exhibited an all-plastic car in  Dà ¼sseldorf, Germany. Parts of this car, including the body panels, were made using a new process called  reaction injection molding  (RIM), in which the reactants were mixed and then injected into a mold. The addition of fillers produced reinforced RIM (RRIM), which provided improvements in  flexural modulus  (stiffness), reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion  and better thermal stability. By using this technology, the first plastic-body automobile was introduced in the United States in 1983. It was called the  Pontiac Fiero. Further increases in stiffness were obtained by incorporating pre-placed glass mats into the RIM mold cavity, called resin injection molding, or structural RIM. Polyurethane foam (including foam rubber) is sometimes made using small amounts of  blowing agents  to give less dense foam, better cushioning/energy absorption or thermal insulation. In the early 1990s, because of their impact on  ozone depletion, the  Montreal Protocol  restricted the use of many  chlorine-containing blowing agents. By the late 1990s, blowing agents such as  carbon dioxide and pentane were widely used in North America and the EU.

Critique of Robert Jastrow's Toward an Intelligence Beyond Man's Essay

Critique of Robert Jastrow's Toward an Intelligence Beyond Man's - Essay Example For instance, industrialization has created the need for computerized gadgets that will enhance efficiency in production of goods and delivery of services. This implies that the emerging electronic devices are not only transforming individual lives, but also the modern day workplaces. The main point underlying the urge for Robert to write the article was to highlight the significance of the intelligence of computer which grows at a fantastic rate. The author argues that computers outsmart humans in some roles and can even outperform people in some cases such as when quick decisions are needed in times of crisis. In other words, computers imitate life and get more complex as days go by and the imitation becomes more evident and better. Although human beings are still in control, the power of computers is growing exponentially and has increased eight times since 1946. On the other hand, the human intelligence is growing at a relatively slower rate (Jastrow 207). This point of view supports the authors claim that the computers are likely to outsmart humans at some point. In another perspective, there is a remarkable symbiotic relationship or some degree of partnership between man and computers. They depend on one another for survival. However, the partnership is ant icipated to last only for a short period of time. This is because the intelligence of computers grows consistently without any limit while human intelligence seems to have attained its peak. The author’s perception of the relationship between man and computers could be bearing some degree of integrity and accuracy (Jastrow 207). For instance, it is true that the computer intelligence is growing at a faster rate. However, it is has no accuracy to claim â€Å"human intelligence is stagnant† (Jastrow 207). In essence, it is worth noting that computers do not escalate their stages of evolution in their own capacity. It is the same humans whose intelligence

Trap ease america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trap ease america - Essay Example More men might be willing to use the cheap traps that are dangerous when loading, but after a single bad experience any men will automatically switch to a product such as Trap Ease. A target market that was not mentioned by the firm is the Asian marketplace. In Asia rats are used as a source of food. They consider rat meat a delicacy. The Trap Ease offers a more effective way to trap rats. The added cost will of the product are easier to absorb when a customer is going to make money by capturing the rat. The marketing mix can be defined as a set of marketing tools the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market (Kotler). The first issue with the marketing mix of the company is that the target market is not wide enough. Making women the target market is eliminating half the potential clients in the marketplace. The location variable is another problem. The amount of distribution channels for the product is not wide enough. The price for the product is reasonable at $2.49 retail, but if the company could lower the retail price of the product to $1.99 the demand of the product would go up a lot. The firm is not using any promotional tools effectively to educate the masses about the existence of the product and its advantages. The company should utilize a better product strategy. It would be wise to highlight the features of the trap in an advertising campaign. An improve packaging can make the product more appealing in the shelves of stores. Offering a greater variety of colors for the traps can help increase interest in the product and as a consequence its demand will go

Access and Accessibility Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Access and Accessibility - Literature review Example The obvious aspect, therefore, is that accessibility is linked with numerous socio-economic opportunities and hindrances. Accessibility refers to the measure of the ability of a location to be reached by different people around it, or to reach different locations. It is, thus apparent that the scope and arrangement of all transport infrastructures are essential in determining accessibility to green spaces in urban areas (Comber et al 2011, p. 30). Access, on the other hand, refers to the capacity to go into or leave a green space. Access is, hence an absolute determinant of whether a location can be entered or exited. This paper appreciates both the concepts of access and accessibility and looks into the intricacies of both geographical elements with regard to green spaces in urban areas (Van 2007, p. 18). This is bound to provide an in-depth understanding of the green spaces in towns and cities, offering leeway for determining accessibility and access of green spaces in major towns (Van Herzele 2003, p. 120) As noted, access and accessibility are quite distinct. While accessibility varies according to one’s position, access is a relative concept, which is equal for all persons in an area. For instance, an areas of green space can be accessible by any person, be it by persons of high socio-economic status, low status, persons with disabilities, or fully-able bodied persons. Access to urban green space is, therefore, uniform wherever one is situated in the vicinity of the green space, provided that there is a capacity to enter or exit the green space (Heywood, Carver and Cornelius 2006, p. 96). When assessing the viability of the green spaces in urban areas, two important concepts must be considered. These are distance and time. These two factors typically affect accessibility in different capacities. Firstly, distance between the green space and a person’s location is bound to affect one’s ability to reach the green space and the time it takes to arrive at the green s pace (Handy and Niemeier 1997, p. 1183). In addition, time is relative in terms of the duration it takes for a green space to develop fully after its establishment. Time is relative because different locations within an urban area have distinct speed limits, which affect the time taken to travel through these locations. Distance does not change, but is it a contributor to the overall speed used to reach a specific green space. Because not all locations within an urban area are equally accessible, this implies inequality. The concept of accessibility, therefore, relies on two paramount factors that is the location and distance. Analyzing distance and location of the green space is a key aspect of GIS analysis (Kong, Yin, and Nakagoshi 2007 , p. 249). Firstly, location measures accessibility with regard to other green spaces in the areas and around the urban area. Infrastructure supports movement to and from green spaces. This implies that accessibility of green spaces is relatively p roportional to a

Poverty reduction programs in india Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Poverty reduction programs in india - Essay Example According to the World Bank survey, anyone earning below one dollar per day is usually graded as poor. May of such people resides in Africa, parts of Asia countries, Latin American countries and India. However in the developed nations, the number of poor people is reduced due to higher levels of development and excellence strategies put in place to curb poverty conditions in these areas. The government’s response to issues of eradicating poverty amidst them is of prime importance as she is the key controller of the national funds. This paper will look at the success of various programs in India aimed at alleviating and eliminating poverty among the Indian populations. According to Parikh, (1994) over the one third of the Indian population is illiterate and a larger majority of these is not educated beyond the age of 15 years. In line with this, Jha & Srinivasan, (2001 ) note that; At the beginning of the new millennium, 260 million people in the country did not have incomes to access a consumption basket which defines the poverty line. Of these, 75 per cent were in the rural areas. India is home to 22 per cent of the world’s poor. Such a high incidence of poverty is a matter of concern in view of the fact that poverty eradication has been one of the major objectives of the development planning process (3785). This indicates a larger percentage of the people who are either unemployable or lowly employed. Illiteracy and ignorance according to Hulme & Paul, (1999) is the root cause of poverty in various parts of the world. The first step require in the elimination of poverty is therefore the need to elevate the education sector and increase awareness among the people. The Indian government is doing a lot concerning this with more practical educational systems adopted in order to develop skills rather than promoting mere learning in most of the Indian learning and education sector. As Ramaswami, (2002) notes, even among the educated Indian populations , all do not possess adequate employable skills worth generating independent income. All these problems according to Mehta, (2004) stems from the education sector which is not turned towards changing the economic scenario in the country. The rural areas carry the largest number of Indian population which is mainly agricultural. Even this is greatly affected by the dwindling amount of cultivable lands and lack of adequate rainfall for the development of arable farming systems. Irrigation farming in many of the Indian lands is not possible due large capital requirements. This has led to acute rural- urban migration whereby a large number of people are moving into the urban areas to look for greener pastures. These end up doing various menial jobs in the cities since they lack adequate and specialized education required for good employment in the industries and labor intensive companies in the country. This has brought in a double misfortune in the country as the largest agricultural l ands are evacuated by people moving into the urban centers in search of jobs. The urban centers for this reason have been largely crowded with people with less education and almost no skills for employment. Lack of relevant or adequate skills for employment practices among many urban dwellers have eventually led to the development of informal jobs and settlements in most of the towns contrary to the overall expectations of the development agenda. As a result the development image of many

Recruitment, selection and deployment of human resources Case Study - 2

Recruitment, selection and deployment of human resources - Case Study Example Care should be taken to make these appraisal systems time bound, reliable, factual and consistent across all outlets. 2. Certainly, it is appropriate to modify the current rating systems in some of the stores. As these stores have a geographic element ingrained in their structure to cater to geographic customer needs, customer satisfaction needs to find a pivotal place and scope in these rating systems. Besides, while taking into consideration some practical concerns like practicality and economic viability, the rating systems in these stores need to be made more frequent rather than being annual or semi-annual. The rating system also needs to be made consistent across most of the stores to assure their accuracy and reliability. 3. One primary performance measurement and determination criteria I would suggest to the management would be Job Result, focusing on the measurable results of the jobs performed by varied employees like sales volume, quality and quantity of work done, etc. I would also suggest rating employees in consonance with their job behavior, like the amount of consideration and patience shown with customers. These particular stores strongly need to have a strong customer satisfaction

IT Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Outsourcing - Essay Example Information technology processes are primary among those outsourced as they call for expertise and can dramatically boost the brand image of a company. Since outsourcing has long been taken on as a cost-cutting strategy, companies will want to identify services that can be hired out to experts to perform them. Moreover, outsourcing enables companies to achieve flexibility as they can take advantage of time differences as the companies hired out are usually overseas. Besides that, where a company is facing great demand during peak seasons, they can meet this demand by hiring out manufacturing processes to overseas companies with the expertise. This is quite beneficial to a company as it gives them an edge over their competitors in terms of surprise availability and ability to meet consumers’ requirements consistently (Blokdijk, 2008). With respect to IT, service value chain can be achieved by for instance where companies approach a company to provide storage through cloud compu ters and provide applications that streamline operations using customized software. Most sought after is web hosting services, there are risks attached to this that will require deep consideration and analysis. These are related to the vendors, such that their being in the driving seat allows them to take control of operations. This could result in conflict of interests, a company may lose its identity while associating with certain vendors, managing and directing vendors may prove challenging and when the outsourcing company decides to end the partnership with a vendor, critical knowledge goes with the vendors which may prove risky and expensive as they will be vulnerable to competition (Kroenke, 2012). Hence, it is crucial that companies establish fundamental principles when making a contract with vendors or suppliers of IT services. This ensures there is a meeting of minds allowing a cohesive and mutually beneficial relationship to exist. However, this should not be done in a dic tatorial manner as it may build reluctance from the vendor. The buyer should notify the vendor what the expectations are so that the vendor understands the obligations faced by the company. Prior to this, a company seeking to outsource IT services should do a thorough background check on potential vendors or suppliers to make certain they are reliable and competent to perform the services. This prevents a situation where quality of service from the vendor is below par. An outsourcing company should also be careful not to entirely expose its intellectual capital, in form of skills and knowledge, to the vendors as this may prove damaging if accessed by the competition (Blokdijk, 2008). From the mini-case study, it is understandable why management would want to outsource IT services seeing as it should support 5,000 students, excluding staff and they have an accommodating budget. Nevertheless, having an extra 15 employees, over and above the 30 employees, all dedicated to the same busi ness function may prove expensive and redundant. The university needs to rationalize the outsourced services to ensure they maximize capital utilization, where capital in this case refers to existing employees. In addition, the associated costs of outsourcing services should be supported by quantifiable benefits accrued from the services. It would be sensible to outsource IT s

Recruitment, selection and deployment of human resources Case Study - 2

Recruitment, selection and deployment of human resources - Case Study Example Care should be taken to make these appraisal systems time bound, reliable, factual and consistent across all outlets. 2. Certainly, it is appropriate to modify the current rating systems in some of the stores. As these stores have a geographic element ingrained in their structure to cater to geographic customer needs, customer satisfaction needs to find a pivotal place and scope in these rating systems. Besides, while taking into consideration some practical concerns like practicality and economic viability, the rating systems in these stores need to be made more frequent rather than being annual or semi-annual. The rating system also needs to be made consistent across most of the stores to assure their accuracy and reliability. 3. One primary performance measurement and determination criteria I would suggest to the management would be Job Result, focusing on the measurable results of the jobs performed by varied employees like sales volume, quality and quantity of work done, etc. I would also suggest rating employees in consonance with their job behavior, like the amount of consideration and patience shown with customers. These particular stores strongly need to have a strong customer satisfaction

Identify and analyse those factors which are used by Pakistani TV Essay

Identify and analyse those factors which are used by Pakistani TV viewers to discriminate against the local TV channelsin favour of the Indian channels - Essay Example Diversity basically displays the respect for the audience, it shows that every member in the audience is equally important and the channel would want to cater to each and every individual. It is also a great tool to retain the viewers to a particular channel as they now have different things to look forward to rather than the monotonous programming (Onah & Anyanwu, 1988). Innovation is the main tool to attract audiences; people always appreciate innovation and hard work. It creates a sense of curiosity among the audience and forces them to keep coming back to the channel; people would stick to one channel if they are offered something out of the ordinary after certain time intervals (Alpert, 1992). The perception of being innovative gives the channel a positive word of mouth among the viewers, this becomes the source of advertisement for the channel, and people would prefer watching a channel that was recommended by their peers rather than some critic’s recommendation or even a conventional advertisement. One of the major factors that channels loose viewers to other channels is the lack of originality; channels in their urge to be recognized as innovative get carried away at times and start copying which is not appreciated by the majority as the ‘me too’ approach appears to be an act of desperation especially in case of T.V. channels. People switch channels and choose to watch one over the other in search for something different hence a perception of not being original can harm the channel’s business as people will not even bother having a look at it thinking there will be nothing different that the other channel is not showing. Hence originality is also a judging and differentiating factor among the audience between the channels (Benesch, Frey, & Stutzer, 2006). In television industry there have been several advancements in the past few years;

The French and Indian War Essay Example for Free

The French and Indian War Essay Prior to 1754 French Indian War, the 13 North American colonies that would eventually become the United States of America were at a rate of rapid increase. Colonial trade with England has increased by over 360%, all colonies were reproducing successfully, with a rate of natural increase of 3%, and the population doubling every 25 years, and on top of that, colonial power increased with the idea of Salutary Neglect, and colonial assemblies. The French Indian War had cause a multitude of changes and shifts in America, on political, economical, and ideological levels alike. For a start, the French and Indian War altered the political aspects of the 13 colonies. Prior to the French Indian War, due to the idea that it was beneficial or healthy for the 13 colonies if they had some sense of freedom, independence and self-governance, this was dubbed Salutary Neglect. The main form of political governance in the colonies was the colonial assemblies. These assemblies were responsible for governing their respective colonies through city courts. These courts would make decisions that pertained to each of the colonies, like appointing members to the unicameral and bicameral assemblies. Building on this knowledge, after the war ended in 1763, with the Treaty of Paris 1763, one of the main consequences was the end of Salutary Neglect. Most colonial assemblies were shut down as a result of this, giving the colonial Royal governors more power than they previously had. Another consequence of the Treaty of Paris 1763 was the French losing every last bit of their land in North America (Doc. A). The French originally fought in the French Indian War for control of the Ohio River Valley, which was an important area for trade and growth. Progressing away from the political aspects that were altered by the French Indian War, the economical aspects were also altered ultimately. Before the beginning of the French Indian War, Britain didn’t have any major taxes imposed onto the colonies. That was before the war. After the French Indian War was fought, and the Treaty of Paris 1763 signed, the Stamp Act was imposed in 1765 by George III to help pay for the deficit created by the French Indian War, as well as King George’s War (1739-1748). This act was passed as a result of Britain needing more revenue, as for the revenue coming from the colonies prior to this act was â€Å"not yet sufficient to defray a fourth part of the expense necessary for collecting it.†(Doc. F). The Stamp Act, mind you, wasn’t a tax on stamps, but rather a tax on printed documents, such as  newspapers, journals, deeds, letters, et cetera. The Stamp Act required all printed documents to be stamped with a special imprint, which certified the document. Failure to do so would most likely result in a fine, or confiscation of the merchandise, which is why it fac ed so much opposition from the colonists, even though it only affected a certain few. Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter, addressed to John Hughes in Pennsylvania, suggesting the repealing of the Stamp Act (Doc. G). If he refused to repeal the Stamp Act, Franklin warned him that it would make him very unpopular among the colonists, and refuted that he should try to reconcile the colonists after the war, instead of taxing them. Benjamin Franklin truly feared violent opposition to the Stamp Act. This eventually led to the Stamp Act crisis, which resulted in Liberty Trees being planted. At these liberty trees, officials sent to collect taxes in more severe cases were tarred and feathered as a form of public humiliation. The Virginia Resolves were also passed as a result of the Stamp Acts, which claimed it as unconstitutional, and they could not be taxed without representation in Parliament. This type of violent opposition led to the repealing of the Stamp Act in 1766, and the passing of the Declatory Act in 1766 which gave Britain the right to make laws for the colonies. This concept is called parliamentary sovereignty, and went against the right of consent of the governed, and the colonist’s natural rights of life, liberty, and property, or alternatively, the pursuit of happiness. The British also assumed the colonists Virtual Representation. This is the idea that the colonies were represented in Parliament indirectly. Also, before the French Indian War ended with the Treaty of Paris 1763, which resulted in the Proclamation Line of 1763, which ran from the West of the Appalachian Mountains to England, Native Americans were getting defensive about their land, and warned the colonists to remove themselves from their area, as for they had no right to settle (Doc. B). The Chief of the Iroquois Confederacy, Canassatego, told the representative bodies in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia that basically, their motives are transparent, and the Native Americans knew the value of their land and instructed the representatives to promptly remove thei r men from their land (even though it wasn’t rightfully theirs) because they had no right to settle, and they felt greatly disrespected. After the war ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the Proclamation Line was drawn to prevent all  British colonists from settling West of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent all future tensions with the Native Americans, even though proceeding the war, a large deal of their land was already lost. The war ultimately created economic stress in the colonies, because it resulted in more taxes (Doc. F), and isolated trade with the Native Americans, as for we usually traded fur pelts with them. This also could’ve foreshadowed their refusal to join the colonists in an alliance during the Albany Plan of 1754, as well the problem of westward expansion with Chief Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763, which resulted in the senseless murder of thousands of British colonists. Adding on to other economic problems created by the war, the mercantile policies of the Navigation Acts were beginning to become heavily enforced again. England buckled down on the colonies to raise revenue (Doc. F.). This put a major halt on smuggling of goods to the 13 colonies. With the passing of the Writs of Assistance, the quartering British soldiers had a right to enter a colonist’s home at anytime and confiscate anything they suspected of being smuggled. Smuggled good were rarely found, but it enraged the colonists that the British had a right to do this on their land. To initiate the final point, are the altered ideological aspects that were altered as a result of the French Indian War. Preceding the French and Indian War, some of the colonists were sycophant to Britain. During the war, in 1755, George Washington wrote a letter to Robert Orne, wishing to join the militia. He was eager to serve under General Braddock, who would soon bring on the humiliating defeat during the failed capture of Fort Duquesne (Doc. C). George Washington’s loyalty and respect for Britain would soon change, like many other colonists ideological values about their â€Å"mother country.† Sources like the Massachusetts soldier’s diary dated 1759 proved British to be neglectful of their soldiers. The people who were once eager to serve under Britain now wanted out. The British Parliament refused to supply proper winter clothes, and liquor. To him, this is being denied â€Å"Englishmen’s Liberty.† The soldiers were not allowed to leave, so they may as well have been slaves at that point. (Doc. D). That’s just one ideological value changed as a result of the French Indian War. As I said before, many colonists thought highly of Britain as a mother country, with over 60,000 loyalists living the colonies, until the French Indian War. Rev. Thomas Banard’s sermon in 1763 praised Britain in an usually optimistic  way. He assumed the end of the war meant the colonist’s could be free and happy. No animosity could be sensed towards Britain. (Doc. E.) That was until the British decided to tax the colonists to increase revenue. (Doc. F. ). That resulted in the Stamp Act, which as you know, was every controversial and lead to violent oppositions, riots, and acts like the Virginia Resolves. Benjamin Franklin warned Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act before any of this opposition took place (Doc. G). In October 1765, on a new paper masthead was a very iconic image. There was a skull and crossbones stating â€Å"The TIMES are Dreadful, Doleful, Dismal, Dolorous, and DOLLAR-LESS.† It also read â€Å"Adieu Adieu to LIBERTY† which can be translated to â€Å"Goodbye to Liberty.† (Doc. H). Mind you, these are the same colonies that kissed up to Britain before the war. Acts in the same nature of the Stamp Act faced opposition of this sort. This substantiates the evident shifting and altering of ideological values that resulted from the French Indian war. In final analysis of this essay, one may think that the French and Indian war heavily altered the relationship between Britain and the American colonies. They’re right. The French Indian changed the relationship on a economical, political, and an ideological basis. The politics were changed during the disbanding of the colonial assemblies, doing away with of Salutary Neglect and the French losing all their territory as a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763, the economical situation was pressed one, with the Navigation Acts now being heavily enforced, cutting down on smuggling, with the new taxes on top of that, and isolated trade with the Native Americans and Britain, and most definitely on an ideological level, seeing the major shift of emotion and feelings towards Britain after the war, from optimistic, loyal, and respectful, to slandering them in a hostile manner. The tensions created by this war, and the abandoning of the debt on the colonist’s foreshadowing the hea vy colonial resistance that was to come, that would blossom into the American Revolution.

Kate Chopins The Storm :: essays research papers

A Storm Within the Storm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two storms in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm.† The first happens as Bobinot (Calixta’s husband) and Bibi (Calixta’s son) are at Freidheimer’s store. Unable to walk home in such a downpour, they remain there waiting for the storm to pass. Meanwhile, â€Å"Calixta, at home, felt no uneasiness for their safety† (108). Preparing for the storm, Calixta goes to gather the clothes on the line outside. â€Å"As she stepped outside, Alcee Laballiere rode in at the gate. She had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone† (108). As they both took refuge in the house from the storm outside, the second storm begins to brew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calixta, scared from the storm, finds herself in Alcee’s arms. â€Å"Do you remember-in Assumption, Calixta? he asked...Oh! she remembered; for in Assumption he had kissed her and kissed her and kissed her† (109). As both storms begin to peak, they retreat to her bedroom. â€Å"They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms. Her firm, elastic flesh that was knowing for the first time its birthright, was like a creamy lily† (110).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This second storm seems to pass with the first. â€Å"The rain is over...Calixta, on the gallery, watched Alcee ride away. He turned and smiled; and she lifted her pretty chin in the air and laughed aloud† (110). As Bobinot and Bibi return, they enter in the backdoor expecting the wrath of Calixta for being muddy. To their surprise, she is rather carefree and seems only interested in their safe return. Bobinot pulls out from his pocket, shrimp he had purchased earlier, and they prepare to feast that night. The feast was full of laughter and relaxation. In the meantime, Alcee writes his wife, Clarisse, in Beloxi. â€Å"It was a loving letter, full of tender solitude† (111).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does everything just go back to normal without difficulty of any kind?

Comparing Good and Evil in Tolkien’s The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rin

Comparing Good and Evil in Tolkien’s The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings Imagine yourself in a pre-industrial world full of mystery and magic. Imagine a world full of monsters, demons, and danger, as well as a world full of friends, fairies, good wizards, and adventure. In doing so you have just taken your first step onto a vast world created by author and scholar John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Tolkien became fascinated by language at an early age during his schooling, in particularly, the languages of Northern Europe, both ancient and modern. This affinity for language did not only lead to his profession, but also his private hobby, the invention of languages. His broad knowledge eventually led to the development of his opinions about Myth and the importance of stories. All these various perspectives: language, the heroic tradition, and Myth, as well as deeply-held beliefs in Catholic Christianity work together in all of his works. The main elements of Tolkien’s works are Good versus Evil, characters of Christian and anti-Christian origin, and the pow er of imagination. In Tolkien world, evil is the antithesis of creativity, and is dependent on destruction and ruin for its basis. Conversely, goodness is associated with the beauty of creation as well as the preservation of anything that is created. The symbolic nature of these two ideologies is represented in the Elven Rings, which symbolize goodness, and the One Ring, which is wholly evil. A main theme of "The Hobbit", then, is the struggle within our own free will between good will and evil. "Early in the (Lord of the Rings) narrative, Frodo recalls that his uncle Bilbo, especially during his later years, was fond of declaring that†¦ there was only one Road; that it was lik... ...Pity 2. Self-sacrifice B. Evil 1. corruption (Gollum) 2. greed (Smaug) II. Characters, Christian and anti-Christian A. Christian 1. Comparing to Christ a. Bilbo b. Gandalf B. Anti-Christian 1. Satan a. Saruman b. The Ring III. Power of the Imagination A. Creates secondary belief B. Escape through imagination Works Cited  · Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel. The Hobbit. New York: Ballantine, 1982.  · Wood, Ralph C. "Traveling the one road: The Lord of the Rings as a "pre-Christian" classic." The Christian Century Feb. 93: 208(4).  · "Eucatastrophe." Time September. 1973: 101  · Evans, Robley. "J. R. R. Tolkien" Warner Paperback Library. 1972: 23-4, 41-2, 202  · Urang, Gunnar. "J. R. R. Tolkien: Fantasy and the Phenomenology of Hope" Religion and Fantasy in the Writing of C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and J. R. R. Tolkien. United Church Press, 1971

Personal Worldview Essay

Agave may be one of the most popular natural sweeteners today, but its rise in popularity in the U. S. didn’t begin until around 2003. Now it’s commonly used as an alternative to sugar, honey, or maple syrup for cooking, baking, and sweetening everything from coffee to oatmeal. Agave nectar (or syrup) is produced from the agave plant – the same plant used to make tequila. It tastes similar to honey with a hint of molasses and is manufactured by extracting the juice from the plant’s core, which is then filtered, heated or treated with enzymes and concentrated until it becomes a syrupy liquid.Proponents of this natural sweetener claim that it’s a healthy alternative to sugar, honey, and other sweeteners because of its low glycemic index. It’s advertised as ideal for people who are watching their weight or folks with diabetes who are working to lower their blood sugar levels. But before you add agave nectar to your grocery list, here’s wh at the heck you need to know. Agave nectar contains up to 90 percent fructose. That’s significantly more than table sugar, which is 50 percent fructose (and 50 percent glucose) once it’s broken down by your body.A gave’s high fructose content gives it advantages and disadvantages. The good part first: Because fructose has a low glycemic index, agave doesn’t cause your blood sugars to spike as rapidly after eating it, which means it can temper the sugar rush that occurs after eating something sweet. And even though agave and white sugar contain approximately the same number of calories, agave is markedly sweeter. That means you can get away with using less to flavor your coffee, morning oatmeal, or baked goods and potentially save yourself a few calories. Now for the bad part.The high fructose content in agave can have some undesirable health effects. Studies have shown that large amounts of fructose can increase blood-triglyceride levels, and high triglyc erides are a known risk factor for heart disease. In addition, some people have trouble absorbing fructose, so eating it can cause bloating, gas and abdominal discomfort. Agave can be especially problematic for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The Verdict: Should You Switch to Agave? As with so many issues in nutrition, the health-related pros and cons of agave aren’t clear-cut.My feeling is, if you’re only using a few teaspoons of sweetener a day, the differences are negligible and you can choose whichever one you prefer. In other words, limiting the total amount of sweetener you’re using will have a much bigger impact on your health than altering the type of sugar you use. With that in mind, don’t use agave as an excuse to pump more sweet stuff into your diet just because it has a lower glycemic index. Most of us consume far more sugar in all forms than we should. And if agave is your sweetener of choice, just remember to keep your intake to no more than one tablespoon (that’s three teaspoons) TOTAL per day.

Gender, Authority and Dissent in English Mystical Writers Essay

The Book of Margery Kempe certainly provoked an intense amount of controversy, not least in the present but in her own time as well; a debate that centred on her position as a mystic. This position entailed having true knowledge of God, to work towards a union with him where they would essentially become one. Margery Kempe, at the very least views herself to be one of God’s vessels through which He can allow her to experience spiritual visions and feelings. It is in her book that Kempe conveys through words what she considered to be the most significant of these experiences, in order that those who read them would derive ‘great comfort and solace’. It is Kempe’s ‘individual and brilliant adaptation of what was originally a discipline for cloistered elites’1 that draws attention to her. Yet it is this individual voice, the style she uses, and her firm relationship with the market world that questions her experiences of higher contemplation. Certainly Kempe does not conform to the solitary life of a conventional mystic, much like Richard Rolle’s statement of ‘running off’ into the woods, and at one point she is even â€Å"sorrowful and grieving† because she has no company. Yet she uses many of her interactions with others to confirm her position as a mystic. She visits the revered mystic Julian of Norwich to seek advice as to whether her visions were genuine or not (Chapter 18), and receives confirmation from Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury. Essentially what it has been suggested that Kempe experiences is a higher level of contemplation – positive mysticism. This was the search for God through human imagery, which ‘insists on the physical as a legitimate means of access to the spiritual’.2 Certainly one of the standard patterns in mystical experience were the feelings of love between the mystic and God which is often described as fire, hence Rolle’s ‘Incendium Amoris’. Kempe notes that there was an ‘unquenchable fire of love which burnt full sore in her soul’, and that Christ had set her soul ‘all on fire with love’. Thus the intensity of her visions can not be brought into question as ‘she certainly shares with [the tradition] a mystical sense of God at work in human experiences’.3 These human experiences included her own body, as she suffers illness and indulgences in self-mutilation, wearing a haircloth, fasting and even biting her hand so violently that she has to be tied down. However, the visions that Kempe experiences, as mystics viewed them as gifts, are not a product of studious praying and meditating. In most ways what she conveys is an imitation of what many female European mystics experienced, like Bridget of Sweden and Dorothy of Montou or Catherine of Siena. She seeks justification for her mystical standing by linking herself closely to others and, though illiterate receives much of her inspiration from such mystical texts as ‘Incendium Amoris’, ‘Stimulus Amoris’, and Walter Hilton’s ‘Scale of Perfection’. However, as Glasscoe has pointed out, her spiritual experiences were not an easy thing for Kempe to meditate on. Whereas Hilton focused on inner spiritual growth, Kempe can only explain her transcende nce through what was familiar to her – the body.4 She even says that ‘sometimes, what she understood physically was to be understood spiritually’. Thus, whereas her visions may at many points seem extreme and even distasteful it does not necessarily mean that she was experiencing anything less than what is considered mystical. What also inspires Kempe, whilst also bringing into question her status as a mystic is the fact that she was a woman who was firmly placed in the world. David Aers describes her as an independent businesswoman, who before her initial vision was active in the market economy, investing money, organising public work and employing men.5 Mysticism was overwhelmingly contemplative, and there was not much spoke about the ‘active life’, with the exception of Walter Hilton’s positive description of the ‘mixed life’. However instead of accepting that she is â€Å"too busy with worldly occupations that must be attended to’6, like Hilton proposed, Kempe integrates the economic world into her mysticism. Shelia Delany proposed that in her work ‘one is constantly aware of the cash nexus’. 7 This is true in the sense that Kempe even strikes a deal with Jesus, in the sense that he becomes the mediator between Kempe’s social responsibilities as a wife and her desire to lead the spiritual life. Through Christ’s help she can lead the chaste life by buying off her husband, hence paying off all his debts (Chapter 11. p.60). Atkinson, commented that what Kempe creates is a ‘God, who controlled the economy of salvation, [and] functioned as a great banker of a merchant prince†.8 Also Kempe’s drive for ‘more’ is also indicative of her market drive values, in the same sense that she sees that by giving charity to her fellow Christians she will receive in heaven ‘double reward’. This unusual market driven line of thought is not the only factor that distinguishes her from her predecessors. Her style of writing is different and her visions are certainly unique. She actively takes part in many of the experiences, using speech, as Carol Coulson has suggested to inject herself into the holy narrative,9 even at one point acting as the handmaiden to God, and as a replacement to the biblical figure – Mary Magdalene. Her first vision is also very personal, and in some ways domesticated. Jesus is said to have appeared ‘in the likeness of a man†¦clad in a mantle of purple silk, sitting upon her bedside’. The Incarnation is taken to the extreme, where her visions sometimes sit outside the historical moments of the Bible and become part of her own world. Despite distancing herself by calling herself the ‘creature’ throughout the text many have accused her work of being self-absorbed – ‘I have told you before that you are a singular lover of God, and therefore you shall have a singular love in heaven, a singular reward and a singular honour’. Certainly her relations with God are very personal, and in many ways conveyed in sexual terms, as when Christ says to her ‘Daughter, you greatly desire to see me, and you may boldly, when you are in bed, take me to you as your wedded husband’. However, again this ‘great pomp and pride’, is said to emerge from her experience as a female within an urban class which fostered within her a strong sense of class identity and self-value.10 A self-value that she never really agrees to give up, thus because she refuses to traditionally quieten the self, Kempe does not sit comfortably as a mystic. Similarly she never really abandons her desire for worldly goods. She even admits in the first chapters that after her initial vision she refused to give up her worldly leisure’s, and still took delight in earthly things. This earthiness continues throughout the book. At one point she explains that she was embarrassed ‘because she was not dressed as she would have liked to have been for lack of money, and wishing to go about unrecognised until she could arrange a loan she held a handkerchief in front of her face’. This embarrassment does not hold well with the lower stage of mysticism in which the visionary is to dispel themselves of all earthly matters so that their soul is open to heaven. Her mysticism is driven to accumulate. She refuses to ‘be content with the goods that God has sent her’, whilst ‘ever [desiring] more and more’. From God she can attain spiritual status, whilst through her (father’s) social position she maintains earthly standing, thus she is caught between two (masculine) worlds. As David Aers has noted the market world never really receives rebuke in her mystical world, in fact it remains a natural part of it.11 Yet to see her as the victim of a capitalist society is, as Glasscoe maintains, to ignore her avowed purpose.12 Yet it is hard to ignore the element of hysteria in her work. She certainly experiences the traditional mystical dilemma that her visions will never be truly conveyed to those who stand outside it, that ‘herself could never tell the grace that she felt, it was so heavenly, so high above her reason and her bodily wits†¦that she might never express it within her world like she felt it in her soul’. However her Gift of Tears, in which she cries ‘abundantly and violently’, break quite brutally this silence of contemplation. It may be however that her loud screams and cries convey her devotion and justify her higher state. Certainly tradition showed that mystics ‘thought of themselves as vehicles for suffering and their broken voices and lacerated bodies reflected the stress under which they laboured’.13 Her crying brought attention to her being, even in her own time when crowds flocked to see her, becoming somewhat of a spectacle. These tears are almost a sign of her fertility in her contemplative life, and also justified in the Bible – Psalm cxxvi, 5-6 says that ‘they that sow in tears shall reap in joy. He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Her tears therefore, although extreme and lead many throughout her work to rebuke her, are essentially a sign of grace demonstrating that the Incarnation for Kempe was an ever-present reality.14 Ursula Peters suggested that female mystics, through mysticism â€Å"turned inward and [discovered] ways to describe their own experiences†.15 In fact the role Kempe plays as a woman is very important to her whole mystical experience, and in some ways may even bring it into question. In her experiences with God she plays the wife, the mother, the sister and the daughter. When her husbands exclaims that she is ‘no good wife’ it again demonstrates that Kempe struggled between two worlds, that of the spiritual and that of her family commitments. St Bernard once proclaimed that natural human feeling doesn’t have to be suppressed but channelled into God, and in some ways this is exactly what Kempe achieves. By using the idea that she is a holy vessel she is able to assert herself as a woman in the highly competitive world quite drastically. She refuses to abandon her personality and quite forcefully, hence her adamant desire to be chaste, asserts who she is. The Church even attempted to denounce her as a Lollard, which shows that she was a threatening (female) voice and the only way to quieten her was to denounce her as a heretic. Rather than being a mystical treatise, The Book of Margery Kempe is a narrative account, almost a story, or even an autobiography as many have stated it to be, in which she attempts to adopt the contemplative ideal of piety.16 In fact it is more than mysticism, it is the experiences of a woman trying to find her voice in a masculine social world, and the only way that she can achieve this is through having spiritual authority. Certainly her devotion can not be questioned, and she can’t even predict herself when the intensity of Christ’s Passion will overwhelm her, be it ‘sometime in the church, sometime in the street, sometime in the chamber, sometime in the field’. Yet her extreme metaphors and use of language certainly bring into doubt her status as a mystic. As Susan Dickman has suggested prayers and visions certainly occupy the text, yet they are embedded in a larger structure17, namely how she was ‘painfully drawn and steered, [her pilgrimage acting as a metaphor for her mystical journey] to enter the way of perfection’. Certainly ‘painfully’ is an apt description, leading many to criticise her as a charlatan, a ‘terrible hysteric’ and even one who was possessed by the devil. Yet this account is from a very independent and highly spirited woman, who although struggled with her identity and sought the higher state to explore that larger structure of herself through God, was deeply devoted to her faith. In the end her piety was very ordinary, it is her style of conveyance however, the lack of the abstract vocabulary of Julian of Norwich, Rolle and the Cloud author18 that brings her status as a mystic int o controversy. Bibliography Aers, David., Community Gender and Individual Identity in English Writing, 1360-1430 (London, 1988) Bancroft, A., The Luminous Vision: Six Medieval Mystics and their Teachings (London, 1982). Evans, Ruth and Johnson, Lesley (eds.)., Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature: The Wife of Bath and All Her Sect (London, 1994) Klapisch-Zuber, C (ed.)., Silences of the Middle-Ages (London 1992),447 Glasscoe, Marion (ed.)., The Medieval Mystical Tradition (Exeter, 1980) http://www.anamchara.com/mystics/kempe.htm http://www.ccel.org/h/hilton/ladder/ladder-PART_I.html http://www.sterling.holycross.edu/departments/visarts/projects/kempe/index.html Knowles, D., The English Mystical Tradition London (London, 1961) Meale, Carol. M., (ed.)., Women and Literature in Britain 1150-1500 (Cambridge, 1993) 1 C. Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages (London 1992),160 2 J.Long., ‘Mysticism and hysteria: the histories of Margery Kempe and Anna O’, in Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature, ed. R.Evans et al. (London, 1994),100 3 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics: Games of Faith (London, 1993),268. 4 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics: Games of Faith (London, 1993), 268. 5 D. Aers, Community, Gender and Individual Identity – English Writing 1360-1430 (London, 1988), 112. 6 http://www.ccel.org/h/hilton/ladder/ladder-PART_I.html 7 J.Long., ‘Mysticism and hysteria: the histories of Margery Kempe and Anna O’, in Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature, ed. R.Evans et al. (London, 1994), 87-111 8 D. Aers, Community, Gender and Individual Identity – English Writing 1360-1430 (London, 1988), 106 9 http://www.anamchara.com/mystics/kempe.html 10 D. Aers, Community, Gender and Individual Identity – English Writing 1360-1430 (London, 1988),115. 11 Ibid. 12 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics: Games of Faith (London, 1993), 275. 13 C. Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages (London 1992),446 14 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics: Games of Faith (London, 1993), 276. 15 C. Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages (London 1992),447 16 http://www.anamchara.com/mystics/kempe.htm 17 S. Dickman., ‘Margery Kempe and The English Devotional Tradition’, in The Medieval Mystical Tradition, ed. M. Glasscoe (Exeter, 1980), 156-172 18 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics: Games of Faith (London, 1993), 272.

Medici Godfathers Of The Renaissance Vi

The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance Viewing Guide 1. To what era did people of the Renaissance look back to as the golden age of human life? What city, which was the birthplace of Cosmic d' Medici and the center of this new movement? 2. What huge gamble did Comic's dad take that put the Medic's on the map? Describe in detail. 3. What project had the people of Florence failed to complete? Who tried to complete this failure? How did he prove he could do it? 4. What happened to Cosmic in Florence thanks to the Labials family? How did he get UT of it?Once exiled, how did he get out of that? What power did the people of Florence give to him as a result? 5. Describe the relationship the Medici bank had with the church. What did they collect for the Pope? From where did they collect this? 6. What is patronage? How did Cosmic use it to lead to political influence and power? 7. What was Brutishness's problem when it came to completing the dome of the Doom? How did he prove to his worker s that it could be done? 8. Who becomes first citizen of Florence after the death of Cosmic? What infamousItalian organization does the video compare his government, leadership style, and system of favors to? 9. Who were the main rivals to Lorenz once he came to power? What incentive did the church have to bring down the Medici? In what type of plot, on Easter Sunday, did these two come together? What was the result and aftermath of the plot? 10. After sorting out is enemies, what did Lorenz take/get from Florence? How did he use his money and power and what title did he receive? What famous Renaissance artist did he discover at a young age as a result of this?

Assessing the Health Status of a Client Assignment

Assessing the Health Status of a Client - Assignment Example The assessment leads to the main problem. I introduced myself to my client and asked how I may help him. The man stated that the main reason for coming to the hospital was because lately, he was experiencing the frequent earache. In health assessment, collecting subjective and objective data is of paramount importance. These two stages form a good basis for diagnosis hence if not accurately done will lead to an improper diagnosis. Weber and Kelley (2009), simply define subjective data as the client’s perception of his health. That is, this kind of data can only be verified by the client, thus, the nurse must be equipped with effective interviewing skills. To get this, the health officer has to inquire about the client’s past health history, family history, and health and lifestyle practices. In addition, get biographical data like name and occupation; physical symptoms related to the ears and cultural practices. This is because some medical conditions like cancer may be passed down the family tree. Past health history helps in knowing how long the client has suffered from the disease or whether the complication is a new development. The client may also be engaging in a lifestyle or occupation that puts his health at risk. For instance, too much exposure to loud noise may be the cause of the hearing problems. My client is called Tom Robinson. He is an Engineer who has worked in a food processing factory for five years. He also loves music and uses earphones quite often. His office is located next to the factory’s main processor but it does not have sound proof walls. So, Tom can still hear the loud noise from his office. Nobody in the family has ever had ear problems. Tom says that he usually experiences this pain when he lies down to sleep, early in the morning and after getting off his earphones. The pain has been consistent for the last three weeks and often leads to a mild headache. Weber and Kelley (2009) say that objective data is veri fied by the examiner. This data is mainly obtained through observation, thus, the examiner must be thoroughly equipped with the four examination techniques. Objective data includes physical characteristics like skin and eye color; body functions like heartbeat and respiratory rate; measurements of blood pressure, temperature, height, and weight; mood; results of laboratory testing and X-ray findings. Objective data aids the doctor in diagnosing the main problem. Through this kind of data, the medic is able to know what is happening even in the internal organs of the client. For instance, an earache can be a pointer to a hidden problem like Tonsillitis but can only be verified after objective data is collected. My client had a temperature of forty degrees Celsius but normal heartbeat and blood pressure.  Ã‚  

Impact of Stress on Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of Stress on Nursing - Essay Example The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) defines stress as "the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other types of demand placed on them" (Murray, 2005). This essay takes into consideration the negative effects of stress to which nurses may be prone. It also presents strategies for nurses to that can reduce the level or types of stress that nurses encounter. A number of negative effects of stress have been identified. Patterns of extreme or high stress may lead to the fight-or-flight response (Selye, 1976) and psychological and physical illnesses or many times its symptoms (Cropley and Steptoe, 2005; Neilsen et al, 2005). There are also situation where stress results in extreme discomfort (Drew, et al., 2005), exacerbation of age-related declines in memory (Vendras, et al., 2005), low quality of life (Lustyk, Widman, Paschane, and Ecker, 2004), and premature death (Robinson, McBeth, and McFarlane, 2004). Today with the increasing pressure and stress on the nursing staff, it is estimated that first-year retention rates for new graduate nurses is only between 40% and 65%. In terms of numbers as many as 6 out of 10 new nursing grads leave nursing practice within one year of graduation (Rosebrough, 2005). It is important to understand the impact of stress and ... If we try to categorise the type of stress faced by nurses it can be said that physically, the job of a nurse is often demanding with high levels of muscular-skeletal stress, culminating in many aches and pains. Mentally, nurses are required to be alert and 'on the ball', making calculations for medication and responding to important questions from patients and relatives. Emotionally, the impact is felt when nurses involve themselves in empathising and helping people and working in an environment where there is pain and sadness. Additionally, the context of work may be characterised by resource constraints, poor staff support and organizational change, which add to the energy expended. Too much stress and burn out brings the discomfort of finding the nursing staff struggling (Murray, 2005). Strategies of Stress Management Nursing is the profession of serving others and it is very important that nurses maintain a balance between work and other personal activities. Since most of the nursing staff work on shift basis it is important to use leisure time to recharge and energise themselves. There are several strategies for stress management and among these the coping strategies and relaxation techniques are simple, effective and helpful in controlling anxiety levels, depression and anger. Besides, there are a range of interventions that can reduce stress in nursing. According to a recent review cognitive behavioural interventions and relaxation or the meditation strategies are effective in bringing down personal levels of stress (Mimura and Griffiths, 2003). Cognitive-behavioural interventions are intended to help people live longer, feel better and avoid having self-defeating thoughts. These interventions help nurses to