Specialty Hospitals free essay sample

Specialty Hospitals: A Problem or a Symptom? Specialty hospitals are not a new thing. However, as the number of specialty hospitals increases there is a question about their financial influence on the community hospitals. This paper discusses the results of two congressionally mandated reports on specialty hospitals. Main Concerns about Specialty Hospitals: 1. Clinical decisions made by physician-owners might be distorted by financial incentives 2. Specialty hospitals treat less complex, more profitable cases 3. Specialty hospitals do not treat uninsured or underinsured patients 4. Patient selection by specialty hospitals hurts community hospitals Congressionally Mandated Reports: The MedPAC report: Some of the positive findings according to MedPAC analysis on specialty hospitals are: better control over hospital operations, more organized schedule time in the operating room, operation’s room effectiveness, and more successful cooperation with the staff. In addition, MedPAC could not prove that the difference in financial performance affects efficiency at specialty hospitals. One of the main concerns that MedPAC had found was that if the number of the specialty hospitals increases significantly community hospitals could lose a lot of their patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Specialty Hospitals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The other problem that MedPAC reported was that specialty hospitals are more likely to treat more- profitable patients. In order to improve payment accuracy, MedPAC recommended to refine of DRG’s and to revise the way the DRG relative weights are calculated. MedPAC also recommended to extend the moratorium until 1 January 2007 and to give HHS right to permit gain-sharing arrangements between physicians and hospitals in order to protect the quality of care and decrease the financial misunderstanding. The HHS report: Results of the report showed that community hospitals had more complicated cardiac patients than in cardiac specialty hospitals. However, cardiac hospitals had as good or even better care than care at their competitor hospitals, patient satisfaction was very high, rooms were larger and more quit, food was better, and specialty hospitals had sleeping rooms for the family members. The total proportion of net income devoted to uncompensated care and taxes combines exceeded the community hospitals’ net revenue for uncompensated care. HHS recommendations were the same as MedPAC recommendations. Conclusion: The disagreement over specialty hospitals even more points out that the payment system and the health care financing system need significant improvement. One of the things that could be done is to reconsider the position and potential status of facilities that apply to be treated. Also, the various payment systems could provide consistent payments for similar services across settings which would reduce the role of financial incentives. All these proposals have been discussed earlier, however, they all have been hard to build up and apply. Questions to class discussion: 1.

Psychoanalysis in Past and Recent Year Use by Counselor Essay Sample free essay sample

Psychoanalysis in yesteryear and recent old ages use by counsellor and therapist The International Psychoanalytical Association ( IPA ) is the world’s primary accrediting and regulative organic structure for depth psychology. Well. their mission is to guarantee the continued energy and development of depth psychology for the benefit of psychoanalytic patients. It works in partnership with its 70 constitutional organisations in 33 states to back up 11. 500 members. In the US. there are 77 psychoanalytical organisations. institutes associations in the United States. which are spread across the provinces of America. The American Psychoanalytic Association ( APSaA ) has 38 attached societies. which have ten or more active members who pattern in a given geographical country. The purposes of the APSaA and other psychoanalytical organisations are: Provide ongoing educational chances for its members. excite the development and research of depth psychology. supply preparation and form conferences. There are eight affiliated survey groups in the USA ( two of them are in Latin America ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Psychoanalysis in Past and Recent Year Use by Counselor Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A survey group is the first degree of integrating of a psychoanalytical organic structure within the International Psychoanalytic Association ( IPA ) . followed by a probationary society and eventually a member society. The Division of Psychoanalysis of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) was established in the early 1980s by several psychologists. Until the constitution of the Division of Psychoanalysis. psychologists who had trained in independent institutes had no national organisation. The Division of Psychoanalysis now has about 4. 000 members and about 30 local chapters in the United States. The Division of Psychoanalysis holds two one-year meetings/conferences and offers go oning instruction in theory. research and clinical technique. as do their attached local chapters. The European Psychoanalytical Federation ( EPF ) is the scientific organisation that consolidates all European psychoanalytic societies. This organisation is affiliated with the IPA. In 2002 there w ere about 3900 single members in 22 states. talking 18 different linguistic communications. There are besides 25 psychoanalytic societies. Psychoanalysis has been used as a research tool into childhood development ( californium. the diary The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child ) . and has developed into a flexible. effectual intervention for certain mental perturbations. In the sixtiess. Freud’s early ( 1905 ) ideas on the childhood development of female gender were challenged ; this challenge led to major research in the 1970s and 80s. and so to a reformulation of female sexual development that corrected some of Freud’s constructs. Besides see the assorted plants of Eleanor Galenson. Nancy Chodorow. Karen Horney. Francoise Dolto. Melanie Klein. Selma Fraiberg. and others. Most late. psychoanalytic research workers who have integrated attachment theory into their work. including Alicia Lieberman. Susan Coates. and Daniel Schechter have explored the function of parental traumatization in the development of immature children’s mental representations of ego and others. Several meta-analyses have shown d epth psychology therapy to be effectual. with results comparable or greater than other sorts of psychotherapeutics or antidepressant drugs. Empirical research has shown besides that â€Å"proper† . long-run depth psychology. when patient lies on a manager and meets with analyst at least three times a hebdomad. is besides effectual. A 2005 reappraisal of randomized controlled tests found that â€Å"psychoanalytic therapy is more effectual than no intervention or intervention as usual. and more effectual than shorter signifiers of psychodynamic therapy† . Empirical research on the efficaciousness of depth psychology and psychoanalytic psychotherapeutics has besides become outstanding among psychoanalytic research workers. Research on psychodynamic intervention of some populations shows assorted consequences. Research by analysts such as Bertram Karon and co-workers at Michigan State University had suggested that when trained decently. psychodynamic healers can be effectual with schizophrenic patients. More recent research casts uncertainty on these claims. The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team ( PORT ) study argues in its Recommendation 22 against the usage of psychodynamic therapy in instances of schizophrenic disorder. observing that more tests are necessary to verify its effectivity. However. the PORT recommendation is based on the sentiments of clinicians instead than on empirical informations. and empirical informations exist that contradict this recommendation. A reappraisal of current medical literature in The Cochrane Library of which is available online ) reached the decision that no informations exist that demonstrates that psychodynamic psychotherapeutics is effectual in handling schizophrenic disorder. Dr. Hyman Spotnitz and the practicians of his theory known as Modern Psychoanalysis. a specific sub-specialty. s till study ( 2007 ) much success in utilizing their enhanced version of psychoanalytic technique in the intervention of schizophrenic disorder. Further information besides suggest that depth psychology is non effectual ( and perchance even damaging ) in the intervention of sex wrongdoers. Experiences of psychoanalysts clinical psychologists and research into baby and kid development have led to new penetrations. Theories have been farther developed and the consequences of empirical research are now more incorporate in the psychoanalytic theory. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/psychoanalysishypertext transfer protocol: //www. ukessays. com/essays/psychology/psychoanalysis. php Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a group of psychological theories and methods based on the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud. Understanding PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis seeks to detect connexions among the unconscious constituents of patients’ mental procedures. The analyst’s end is to assist emancipate the patient from unexamined or unconscious barriers of transference and opposition. that is. past forms of associating that are no longer serviceable or that inhibit freedom. Information and background Psychoanalysis was developed in the 1890s by Sigmund Freud as a intervention for patients with neurotic or hysterical symptoms. As a consequence of speaking with these patients. Freud came to believe that their jobs stemmed from culturally unacceptable. therefore repressed and unconscious. desires and phantasies of a sexual nature. Freud’s patients would lie on this couch during depth psychology. The basic method of depth psychology is the transference and opposition analysis of free association. The patient is directed to state whatever comes to mind. Dreams. hopes. wants. and phantasies are of involvement. as are remembrances of early household life. By and large the healer merely listens. doing remarks merely when an chance for penetration on the portion of the patient arises. In listening. the analyst efforts to keep an attitude of empathetic neutrality. a nonjudgmental stance designed to make a safe environment. Many clinicians hold that depth psychology is non recommended in instances of serious psychological break. such as psychosis. self-destructive depression. or terrible untreated alcohol addiction. Such patients may be labeled â€Å"un-analyzable† . More typical applications include intervention of clinicaldepression and personality upsets. Some more recent signifiers of depth psychology seek to assist patients derive self-esteem through greater trust of the ego. overcome the fright of decease and its effects on current behaviour. and keep several relationships that appear to be incompatible. Psychoanalysis is believed to be most utile in covering with deep-rooted jobs of familiarity and relationship and for those jobs in which established forms of life are debatable. As a curative intervention. depth psychology by and large takes three to five meetings a hebdomad and requires the sum of clip for natural or normal maturational alteration ( three to seven old ages ) . Length of i ntervention varies but depth psychology by and large lasts an norm of 5-6 old ages or longer. Training Throughout the history of depth psychology. most psychoanalytic organisations have existed outside of the university scenes. Psychoanalytical preparation normally occurs at a psychoanalytic institute and may last about 4-10 old ages. Training includes coursework. supervised psychoanalytic intervention of patients. and personal depth psychology enduring 4 or more old ages. Although the popularity of depth psychology was in diminution during the 1980’s and early 1990’s. outstanding psychoanalytic institutes have experienced an addition in the figure of appliers in recent old ages. The theories distinctive of depth psychology by and large include the undermentioned hypotheses: Human development is best understood in footings of altering objects of sexual desire. The psychic setup habitually represses wants. normally of a sexual or aggressive nature. whereby they become preserved in one or more unconscious systems of thoughts. Unconscious struggles over pent-up wants have a inclination to attest themselves in dreams. slips ( â€Å"Freudian slips† ) . and symptoms. Unconscious struggles are the beginning of neuroticisms. Neurosiss can be treated through conveying the unconscious wants and pent-up memories to consciousness in psychoanalytic intervention. For Freud. the unconscious was a depositary for socially unacceptable thoughts. wants or desires. traumatic memories. and painful emotions put out of head by the mechanism of psychological repression. However. the contents did non needfully hold to be entirely negative. In the psychoanalytic position. the unconscious is a force that can merely be recognized by its effects—it expresses itself in the symptom.

Free Essays on The Libertarian Party

The Libertarian Party is the best party for the United States of America. I chose this party because not only do they realize that long overdue changes need to be made to the government, they come prepared with logical solutions; logical solutions made after simple observations. For example, one big change the Libertarians feel is necessary is the ending of the prohibition of drugs. They came to this conclusion after a simple observation of when the US tried to make alcohol illegal in the 1920’s. The result was organized crime. Criminals had found an easy way to make money. But the money they made from liquor simply funded their need of guns and explosives to then rob banks and houses. The same problem exists today with marijuana, the most widespread drug. It simply pays for the cost of guns to commit more harmful crimes such as murder or grand larceny. Not only that, but the criminals can now afford to produce more dangerous drugs such as cocaine or heroine. Another good solution they have proposed is to end foreign aid. Recently there has been a lot of talk about leaving a huge deficit for the future generations. A large part of this deficit comes from the $14 billion the US spends on foreign aid every year, amounting in $400 billion since the end of World War II. Also it has been shown that foreign aid has historically slowed economic development and created dependence. The Libertarian Party has observed that â€Å"the U.S. Agency for International Development itself admits, ‘Only a handful of countries that started receiving U.S. assistance in the 1950s and 1960s have ever graduated from dependent status’†(www.lp.org). I did not choose the Republican or Democratic Party because they seemed to lack the ability to look at a part of government logically and decide that it needs to be completely changed or removed. They feel the only way to fix a problem is by pumping more money into it and taking away more of our liberties. I... Free Essays on The Libertarian Party Free Essays on The Libertarian Party The Libertarian Party is the best party for the United States of America. I chose this party because not only do they realize that long overdue changes need to be made to the government, they come prepared with logical solutions; logical solutions made after simple observations. For example, one big change the Libertarians feel is necessary is the ending of the prohibition of drugs. They came to this conclusion after a simple observation of when the US tried to make alcohol illegal in the 1920’s. The result was organized crime. Criminals had found an easy way to make money. But the money they made from liquor simply funded their need of guns and explosives to then rob banks and houses. The same problem exists today with marijuana, the most widespread drug. It simply pays for the cost of guns to commit more harmful crimes such as murder or grand larceny. Not only that, but the criminals can now afford to produce more dangerous drugs such as cocaine or heroine. Another good solution they have proposed is to end foreign aid. Recently there has been a lot of talk about leaving a huge deficit for the future generations. A large part of this deficit comes from the $14 billion the US spends on foreign aid every year, amounting in $400 billion since the end of World War II. Also it has been shown that foreign aid has historically slowed economic development and created dependence. The Libertarian Party has observed that â€Å"the U.S. Agency for International Development itself admits, ‘Only a handful of countries that started receiving U.S. assistance in the 1950s and 1960s have ever graduated from dependent status’†(www.lp.org). I did not choose the Republican or Democratic Party because they seemed to lack the ability to look at a part of government logically and decide that it needs to be completely changed or removed. They feel the only way to fix a problem is by pumping more money into it and taking away more of our liberties. I...

Negative Impacts of Sexism Portrayed in Advertisements Essays

Negative Impacts of Sexism Portrayed in Advertisements Essays Negative Impacts of Sexism Portrayed in Advertisements Essay Negative Impacts of Sexism Portrayed in Advertisements Essay Essay Topic: The Second Sex Negative Impacts of Sexism Portrayed in Advertisements Name: Course: Institution: Tutor: Date: Negative Impacts of Sexism Portrayed in Advertisements Introduction Jean Kilbourne discusses the role and impact of various advertisements in the article Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt. She looks at the various ways through which advertisements for different products portray sexism, gender disparity and male violence. She notes how the advertisers use images and words to encourage male violence. She discusses how women have been objectified in the ads, and how the men are seen as superior. The advertisers are interested in making sales rather than the impact the ads have on the society. Kilbourne’s essay properly depicts the negative impacts of advertisements on women in the fashion (clothes) industry. Discussion According to Colombo et al. (2007), young girls are affected by these ads, whether they are the ones in the advertisements or watching them. The ad by the American apparel in the year 2009, a young girl was posted scarcely dress as she advertised a Flex Fleece zip hoody. In a sequence of six photos, she only has the hoody covering the top side of her body and underwear on her lower part. In the first photo, the hoody is fully zipped up to the upper chest. In the second photo, the hoody is half-zipped and her part of her cleavage is visible. In the third photo, the photo has been shot from the side so her thighs are fully exposed but her upper body part is covered by the hood. In the forth, fifth and sixth photos, the the hood is completely open and her breasts are exposed. In the sixth photo, especially, her nipples are almost exposed. This advertisement was banned because of the alleged age of the model. The girl looks as though she is under the age of 16 and thus not suitable for such commercial ads. She portrays a negative image of the girls and to the younger girls. Why did the advertisers have to make her wear nothing else apart from the underwear and the hoody? Did she have to wear the hoody without a bra or a top inside? The attention will be drawn to the girls body and not on the hoody as intended. By looking at the advertisement, a couple of messages are passed across. Clothes are worn for sexual appeal and not just for the simple aim of covering the naked body, keeping warm or looking smart. It is as if the advertisers are encouraging the young girls towear the hoody in order to look more sexy. To top it up, unzipped hoodys make one look sexier than zipped ones. This is in regard to the number of photos portrayed of the girl wearing the unzipped hoody thus exposing her body. Kilbourne insists that women and men are encouraged to execute certain things or act in a given way. This is proved true by this picture, the message being passed across at first glance is that the person should wear the hoody for sexual attraction. Such a hoody can be worn with other clothes. In fact, most girls will wear this hoody with another top inside. The extremists will wear a bra inside and then zip it up. In using the young looking model, the advertisement depicts that young girls can only look good when they expose their body as much as they can, even when watering a hood. In an another ad done by Calvin Klein fashion house in advertising jeans, the models depict a violent and a sexual scene. The ad has three men and one woman (Lara Stone). Two of the men are only wearing jeans with nothing else on top and the third man is wearing a shirt. Lara Stone is wearing something that looks like a dress or a too that has been pulled up to her bust so that her body is exposed. Her head is laid on one of the men’s laps. This man is holding her head. The other man has her jeans unbuttoned and ready to lie on Stone. The third man wearing a shirt is seated on the ground and seems destructed from the on-going scenario. By the look of the woman (Stone), she does not seem to be bothered by what is about to take place. She seems to portray a sensual face. The billboards with this ad were taken down and the ad banned because it depicted sexual violence to women. The woman is used as a sexual and vulnerable subject in this advertisement. She is not only vulnerable to one man but to many men. Kilbourne insists that women are encouraged to give in to a man’s desires when buying a particular product. The message being passed across in this ad is that men can have their way with no objection from the woman, after buying the jeans from Calvin Klein. By showing that the woman has given in to the men’s demands, the ad implies that women can simply give in because of material things. The ad shows as if the woman is about to get intimate with three men. This is extreme sexual negativity on the women. Kilbourne also establishes that men tend to be possessive and aggressive towards the women. This is greatly seen in this ad. The men want to be intimate with the woman at the same turn and in the same place. Although it is true that there are men who fantasize about a woman at the same place, very few men are willing to get intimate in the presence of other men. In another advertisement done by Dolce and Gabbana in the year 2006, violence and nudity were depicted. The ad, portraying men’s wear in the 18th century, features six men and one woman. The men’s suites and hair portray the dangerous liaisons-style of this period. The woman wearing boots is completely naked. One of the six men is lying on the ground with blood oozing from his forehead to portray a gunshot. Two of the men are holding knives the other two seated, (one of them wearing a mask) and the last man is holding a gun on one hand and a naked woman on the other hand. The six men are decently dressed but the woman is naked thus leans on the man to hide her burst and her pubic area. Kilbourne has further noted that some advertisements pass on subliminal messages to the public. This advertisement proves this statement true. Why is the woman naked while all the others are decently dressed? This question pops within the first few minutes of looking at the ad. The woman is depicted as a sexual being to the men. The ad was meant to advertisement men’s clothes. It is as if the woman was featured in order to make the ad have more ratings. The men are also featured as violent. However, due to their clothes, the women overlook their violent nature and thus sexually attracted to them. In another perspective, their clothes make their violent nature attractive to the woman. In a third perspective, women are generally attracted to violence. All these angles of the ad can be perceived by the audience. The message passed on to the audience by this ad is that a woman’s attraction to violence is sexy. Her sexuality is a men’s pleaser and there is nothing wrong with it. It also portrays that the exposure of a woman’s nudity to the public is appealing and not embarrassing. It even calms violent men. Conclusion Colombo et al. (2007) point out that the impact of advertisements on the society cannot be ignored. Kilbourne has also put it clear that both woman and men are portrayed in certain ways in most of the advertisements. In the three examples of ads given above, this statement by Kilbourne has been proved right. Above all, the women seem too be on the wrong receiving end. The three ads have portrayed women as sexual subjects in the fashion industry. It is as if wearing clothes that cover much of the body is no longer sexy or fashionable. The fashion industry has used feminism to uplift the man’s ego when wearing particular clothes. The women are used to show that they are vulnerable and without defense when these wear these clothes. The men are portrayed as very attractive, their weaknesses covered and their will fulfilled when wearing these clothes. It is up to the audience to decide how they wish the advertisements to portray both men and women. If the society takes the necessary action, the advertisers will do something about it. Examples of the Advertisements Example 1 debonairmag.com/the-most-controversial-ads-fashion-history-part-two/9 Example 2 fashionist.ca/2010/11/controversial-advertisements-violence-in-fashion-ads.html Example 3 fashionist.ca/2010/11/controversial-advertisements-violence-in-fashion-ads.html References American Apparel, (2009). FlexFleece. Retrieved From debonairmag.com/the-most-controversial-ads-fashion-history-part-two/9 Calvin Klein, (2010). Calvin Klein Jeans. Retrrieved From fashionist.ca/2010/11/controversial-advertisements-violence-in-fashion-ads.html Colombo G., Cullen, R., Lisle, B. (2007). Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s Dolce Gabbana, (2006). Dangerous Liaisons Style. Retrieved From fashionist.ca/2010/11/controversial-advertisements-violence-in-fashion-ads.html Kilbourne, J. (2008). â€Å"Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt†. True Women and Real Men :418-431.

Reducing the lifecycle cost of oil and gas facility by use of Essay

Reducing the lifecycle cost of oil and gas facility by use of simulation - Essay Example During operations, oil and gas industries incur lifecycle costs that affects their production capacity and cost of production. Lifecycle costs include recurring and other nonrecurring costs incurred by a company during a certain operational period. Oil and gas companies incur lifecycle cost through installation of new facilities, maintenance, and upgrading of the existing facilities. Facilities in the companies have definite life span and therefore the companies experience an additional when closing them down With these costs to consider, the companies are concerned with the possible alternatives to cut or reduce the effects of the lifespan cost. In order to eliminate or minimize lifecycle cost, oil companies rely on planning making simulations a useful tool. Simulations are models applied by the companies to determine the viability of a facility before its inception (Gorski, 2006). This paper therefore analyzes the benefits achieved from application of simulations in the reduction o f lifecycle cost in oil and gas companies. Some of the ways in which simulation is applied to reduce lifecycle cost Evaluation and comparison of different approaches for replacement Evaluation and comparison of alternative strategies for product use Evaluation and comparison of different designs Optimal allocation of available funds of activities in the process of product development During their lifespan, most companies are confronted with situations where they need to make important decisions on whether to close down a facility or to change a business strategy. In such situations, the companies experience lifecycle costs that affect their production. Such companies can apply simulation models to determine whether they need to close down the existing facility or they need to improve its efficiency. Using simulations the managers of the affected companies can determine whether they need to adopt a new business, strategy or to modify the existing strategy to fit their operations. Sec ondly oil and gas companies continuously retire old facilities as they install new facilities, these processes costs the company a lot of money and therefore the companies need to make appropriate decision. Simulations come in as the most appropriate tool that the companies need apply when making strategic management and operational decisions. Using simulation models strategic managers of a company are able to evaluate benefits from alternative decisions. With simulation models, managers can determine decisions and solutions that best fits their companies. Simulations therefore enable the companies to reduce uncertainty when making important decision that concerns their operation. Companies in the oil and gas industry always have new projects intended to improve their operations and facilities. The new facilities rely heavily on designs and therefore the companies are always on the lookout for the most appropriate design. The companies need to evaluate the suitability of these desig ns before choosing the most appropriate design (Petra, 2004). Using simulation models, companies can determine the most appropriate design from the possible choices. The companies also need to choose the most efficient design from the available possibilities; this requires data analysis and projections that cannot be achieved without the real facility. However, with simulations strategic managers of the companies are able to determine and evaluate the efficiency of such models through an analysis simulation models data (Lanner, 2008). Before launching a new product into the market or initiating a project, oil and gas companies need to evaluate their economic viability. In this process, simulation models stands out as the most appropriate tool for application. Using the models, companies are able to predict the market’s response towards a new product. Companies such as Shell Company use ADENT simulation techniques to evaluate the viability of its new products in potential mark ets. The tool is

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Argument - Essay Example ts: one from the USA Today (Australian gun control holds lessons for U.S.) and the other published online in Denver Post (Gun rights and gun control arent necessarily exclusive). The discourse would present a separate examination of each article’s arguments including supporting contentions. A concluding portion would then assess which editorial was deemed most effective. The editorial article entitled â€Å"Australian gun control holds lessons for U.S.† published online in the USA Today on December 18, 2012 proffered issues that apparently compared the measures taken by Australia in terms of gun control. As an editorial article, the author comes from the Editorial Board, but was not specifically identified. The article’s main thesis was despite sharing similarities between the United States and Australia in terms of having previously experienced violent deaths due to indiscriminate firing of guns, Australia’s gun control policy which was enforced after a 1996 shooting eventually solved the dilemma. According to the discourse, Australian law on gun control necessitated categorizing firearms into five distinct classifications, where â€Å"some of the deadliest assault-style weapons and large ammunition clips are now all but impossible for individuals to lawfully own. (Further), firearms are subject to a strict permitting process, and dealers are required to record sales, which are tracked by the national and territorial governments†¦ (In addition,) the law encouraged people to sell their firearms back to the government, which purchased and destroyed about 700,000 of them† (Australian gun control holds lessons for U.S. pars. 4 & 5). Due to the passing of this law, the report disclosed that evident result was no violent gun-related incidents ever occurred. The author used logical arguments through the support of evidential historical records and citing credible findings that apparently revealed the effectiveness of gun control through the law enforced by

Food Predicament Essay Example for Free

Food Predicament Essay 1. List three factors largely responsible for the significant increase in North American food production since the end of World War II. a. Population Growth b. Rising personal income 2. Describe the trends in world food production vis-a-vis population growth from 1950 to the present. There is more people to supply food than before. 3. To what extent does expanding the amount of land under cultivation offer hope for significantly increasing world food supply? Why? To permit unproductive lands to be farmed, making it possible to raise two to three crops a year on the same land. 4. List four reasons for the loss of currently productive agricultural land. a. erosion b. desertification c. salinization d. water-logging 5. What factors make it unlikely that ocean fish harvests can be increased substantially above present levels? Large predator fish, overexploitation by industrial fishing fleets has reduced stocks of some species. 6. List several changes in food-handling practices that poor countries could implement to prevent loss of harvested crops. Store grains in bins that may not be easily penetrated, have good refrigeration and have reliable transport for the food. 7. To what extent can eating lower on the food chain help to solve problems of world hunger? It will help until the population grows more and going vegetarian would not be possible. 8. Why are a number of relatively affluent countries purchasing farmland in other nations? What are the advantages and disadvantages of such purchases for the host country? Because of the productive soil their food will grow much better in each different region. Some advantages might be that they will have that food available for the consumers and some disadvantages might be that there is a climate change and loose the crop. B. Match the following deficiency diseases with the nutritional factor (shown below the table) whose absence provoked these conditions (you can use the factor or corresponding letter (a, b, .): 1. childhood blindness 2. marasmus 3. anemia 4. kwashiorkor 5. mental retardation 6. pellagra 7. scurvy 8. rickets 9. beri-beri a. protein b. fiber c. vitamin A d. vitamin Bl (thiamine) e. vitamin C f. vitamin D g. vitamin E h. niacin i. iodine j. iron k. overall calorie/protein shortage C. True/False. Indicate T or F in the space before each numbered question. If the statement is false, revise it below in the box provided to make a correct statement; focus your response on the words in bold. 1. As incomes rise, food demand increases because more affluent people eat larger quantities of food. 2. It is estimated that approximately a billion people in the world today are undernourished. 3.Within families in poor societies, adolescent boys are the most likely to suffer from malnutrition. 4. Overpopulation is the major cause of chronic hunger problems in the developing world. 5. In societies where hunger is widespread, the rate of malnutrition among children and women is much higher than it is among men. 6. Malnutrition is most harmful when it occurs among children under 5. 7. The damaging effects of childhood malnutrition are reversible if the child receives an adequate diet when he/she becomes older. 8. Malnourished women are likely to give birth to underweight babies and to produce poor quality breast milk. 9. Marasmus is responsible for more childhood deaths in developing countries than any other single cause. 10. The most common nutritional deficiency disease worldwide is kwashiorkor. 11. A swollen belly, discoloration of the hair and skin, and stunted physical development are all classic symptoms of overall protein/calorie deprivation. 12. The worlds single most important cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation is Vitamin A deficiency. 13. Aquaculrure offers greater hope for increasing the worlds fish harvest than does intensifying efforts in ocean fishing. 14. World livestock production, which rose steadily from 1950-1990, has subsequently leveled off because of falling market demand for meat. 15. Anemia is a leading cause of high female mortality rates and problem pregnancies in many poor countries. 16. Aquaculture supplies almost all of the tuna fish found in American supermarkets. 17. Biotechnology can help reduce farmers reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides and may make it possible to cultivate lands currently too dry or too saline for farming. 18. Among species commonly raised to supply animal protein for human consumption, fish are the most efficient energy converters, requiring just 2-3 pounds of feed to gain one pound of flesh. 19. In sub-Saharan Africa, grain production has remained stagnant at about one ton/ hectare since the early 1960s. 20. Significant increases in agricultural production achieved by technological breakthroughs such as the miracle grains or genetically modified crop and livestock varieties will ensure that all the worlds people enjoy an adequate diet.