Coral Divers Case Study Essay Example

Coral Divers Case Study Paper After investigating Coral Divers diligently, I am delighted to be hired as a consultant to evaluate Coral Divers strategic situation. Based on my findings, I believe Coral Divers is in a decreasing state of financials and diminishing competitive position. Their net income is negative and increasing in 2005 through 2007. In addition, there is a lack of differentiators at Coral Divers, hindering them from their competition. The issue at hand is whether Coral Divers should take on a potential growth strategy, which consists of adding a family vacation portion to their resort, and an adventure diving aspect. This would enable them to cater to a greater variety of people and allow increased competition. Exhibit 1. 1 Supplier Power * Minimal * Integrating vertically not likely * Service based Degree of Rivalry * High Competitive industry = Low returns because the cost of competition is high * Tough economy = bad * Buyer Power * High * Amenities and service important * Low cost in comparing resorts Threat Of Substitutes * Vacations elsewhere doing other activities is likely Threat Of New Entrants * High * Easy to open resort To analyze the industry I will start with a 5-forces analysis on the Scuba Diving Resort industry, shown in exhibit 1. 1. Based on the Five Forces Analysis, we can determine that the scuba diver resort industry exists in an intensely competitive market. It is a growing market in popularity over the years and is continuing to grow. Most divers range in age from 10 to 39. 80% of divers are educated and have families. Diving Resorts earn revenue from individual divers, family divers, accommodation and amenities, as well as types of vacations and dives offered. We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Divers Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Divers Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Divers Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this case, accommodation, amenities, and quality diving excursions is means in combating threat of new entrants, and the degree of rivalry. Keeping a close eye on costs for vacationers in the resort is also essential. Because of the threat of substitutes and new entrants it is essential to keep costs low for potential customers. It is important Coral Divers keeps monitoring prices, such as keeping amenities to a minimum, not under booking dives, and keeping on-time flight operations. Major elements in Coral Divers current competitive strategy include: * Small, non – crowded tourist resort Well regarded * Safe and knowledgeable scuba diving resort * Beachfront location While Coral Divers is still running 90% capacity during the high season, this strategy is not very apparent, as Coral Divers simply operates basic business functions to stay afloat. Strategy Coral Divers could work on include: * Focus on Family Vacations utilizing Rascals in Paradise * Emphasizing in family di ves and resort activities * Adventure Diving * Shark Dives * Reef Dives * Wall Dives * Wreck Dives * Both Adventure and Family Vacations Neither Adventure or Family Vacations, continuing current strategy Also view Coral Divers’ business strategy diamond in exhibit 1. 2. Arenas * Bahamas * Vacations Vehicles * Rascals in Paradise * Adventure Diving Exhibit 1. 2 Economic Logic * Cost control * Growing Margins Staging * Focused on diving resort, moving slowly to family and/or adventure Differentiators * Small * Non-Crowded * Beachfront * Safe Knowledgeable Exhibit 1. 3 We can determine whether Coral Divers current situation is positive or negative by viewing a SWOT Analysis shown in exhibit 1. . Based on the SWOT analysis, Coral Divers has a fairly attractive position, as it has some strength. However, weaknesses and opportunities available provide a great deal of potential for Coral Divers to gain market share. In this case, many of the weaknesses are the opportunities availab le, and with success in opportunities combat threats. Coral Divers performance to date is steady. Based on balance sheets provided, Coral Divers assets are slowly declining, and liabilities are increasing. This is assumingly due to inflation in the market and no increased market share. Coral Divers revenues are also declining since 2005, I believe due to increasingly competitive markets and no strong differentiators. After analyzing the company, it is clear that Coral Divers needs to use opportunities and strengthen their differentiators. However, it is essential to analyze costs involved with new opportunities compared to potential revenues. The alternatives for Coral Divers includes: Alternative| Cost| Revenue Potential| Family Vacations / Rascals in Paradise| * $40,000 in renovations on rooms * Children’s play structure = $15,000 * Babysitter = $7/hr @ 5 hrs/week = ~$2000/yr| * Return client base * 90% annually * Higher prices for families * ~$1600 per family vacation * 90% rooms booked per week @ $3500 per special family week= $18,900/week = $982,800/yr| Adventure Diving| * $10 per dive = shark dive * Employee discouraged * $15,000 Chain mail suit| * Extra $50 per dive per person| Both| * Large upfront cost| * Good long term investment| Neither| * Differentiators in market| * None * Current operations| Exhibit 1. 4 As a consultant to help assess Coral Divers strategy, I recommend that Coral Divers add the family vacation element to their business and utilize Rascals in Paradise. By adding the Rascals Paradise, Coral Divers will be able to service families more efficiently and easily. In addition, Coral Divers should add adventure diving once family vacations is established. This will create more buzz, activity, and reason for families to stay at Coral Divers. I recommend this due to the lack of success Coral Divers has had in the past. Since they have established themselves, people will be able to trust and want to use Coral Divers for family vacations and know there is knowledge for adventure diving. We can create a new market for family vacations and adventure diving by looking at exhibit 1. 4. Creating New Markets Reduce * High costs * Inconveniences Create/Add * Adventure Diving * Family Vacation friendly Raise * Low cost * Good Service * Convenience for customers and families * More activity enjoyment * Eliminate Distasteful service * Average resort The plan of action I would suggest Coral Divers to take is to first implement Rascals in Paradise’s consulting service and bookings program. Coral Divers should take on packaged and prepaid vacations to provide convenience to customers. In addition, with Rascals experience, Coral Divers can utilize the specialty service and return client base. Higher revenues for the resort because of prepayment and packaged vacations are essential to the success. After about a half year to a year of implementing family vacations would suggest Coral Divers to take a look at how family vacationing impacted their revenue. Based on this result, I would suggest starting to implement adventure diving. I would start with one type of adventure per month. Perhaps offer only certain adventures at certain times until each excursion is mastered with no flaws. After each excursion is tested and analyzed, determine which adventures make the most money and offer them more often. Incorporate adventure diving into family packages.

Functional hallux limitus Essays - Podiatry, Foot, Arthropathies

Functional hallux limitus Essays - Podiatry, Foot, Arthropathies Functional hallux limitus Functional hallux limitus is generally defined as a deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint that acts to restrict the range of movement of dorsiflexion during the propulsive phase of gait. (Chapman C.,1997) Different authors refine this basic definition further, some adding a further qualification that it is defined by a reduction of the range of dorsiflexion to less than 65 degrees. (Camasta C A.,1996). If the range is reduced to less than 5 degrees then the term Hallux rigidus is generally applied and is a subdivision of the clinical spectrum of functional hallux limitus. For the sake of completeness we should record that the normal range is generally 65-75 degrees of dorsiflexion. We should also define the difference between the structural and functional varieties of this condition. The functional variety of the condition is diagnosed only if the restriction in the range of movement is apparent during weightbearing (and by definition is not present during passive, non-weightbearing movement). The structural variety exhibits a restriction of movement in both eventualities. (Dananberg H J et al 1996), The assessment and diagnosis of functional hallux limitus is made either on clinical examination and history or with the assistance of formal gait assessment. As far as the latter is concerned, it is manifest as a biomechanical disability that has the predisposition to result in a comparatively ineffective propulsive mechanism (of varying degrees of severity) during the toe-off phase of the gait cycle. It can be accompanied by forefoot metatarsalgia together with other abnormalities of gait pattern (Townley and Taranow, 1994) The definition of a successful treatment is :To eliminate pain, restore motion, and maintain the strength and stability of the great toe, but must also reconstitute the normal distribution of weightbearing stresses sustained by the transverse metatarsophalangeal arch of the forefoot. (Townley and Taranow, 1994, p.575). Aetiology of the condition This is, to some extent a matter of controversy, as there are thought to be a number of independent but not mutually exclusive theories on the issue. (Laing P.,1995). Many authorities agree that the basic pathology stems from first ray hypermobility which, in itself is secondary to abnormal pronation. (Jahss M.,1982) In lay terms this means that the ray is moving when it should be stable. The fundamental issue here is one of abnormal pronation. During propulsion the subtalar joint is pronated and the midtarsal joint is mobile when it should be locked. This allows the first metatarsal to be hypermobile.. this results in the first metatarsal dorsiflexing when it should be plantarflexing. The less the ability of the first metatarsal to plantarflex, the less becomes the ability of the first metatarsophalangeal joint to move and the greater becomes the need for compensatory mechanisms to come into play. How the condition affects the gait cycle The restriction of flexion in the movement of the of the first metatarsophalangeal joint manifests itself in a number of ways that can be either directly attributable to the condition or also compensatory mechanisms that allow for normal propulsive gait to be accomplished. At the most basic level, the condition affects the ability of the foot to move fully over the hallux when the forefoot is planted on the ground. The degrees of impairment are variable (right up to hallux rigidus) and tend to progress with both age and length of time that the condition has been present. (Root M L et al 1987), Typical signs associated with functional hallux limitus can be pronation of the feet while standing and walking. They will have varying degrees of reduced propulsivity from their gait. They can have either an abductory twist during the gait cycle or can demonstrate an abnormally abducted angle of gait and associated delay in the heel off segment of the gait cycle. (Light M R.,1996) The early stages of the condition (typically in the younger patient) can go unnoticed and undiagnosed but as the condition becomes more advanced and obvious, compensatory changes in the gait cycle can become more apparent and pronounced. Progressive hypopropulsion, varying degrees of pelvic tilt and rounded shoulders are the more progressive accompaniments of the severe condition as the body attempts to compensate for the mechanical disadvantage of the condition. (Dananberg. HJ 1993) The use of orthoses for functional hallux limitus Because we have presented evidence

Agricultre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Agricultre - Essay Example Several benefits accrue to the agricultural revolution over the traditional hunting and gathering. The most important aspect of agriculture is that it significantly improved the diet of man from a homogeneous protein flesh of animals to multiple plant nutrients like in cereals, carbohydrates, fats and oil. Modern civilization is a product of agriculture in which the socio-political structure of the society began to take hierarchy and administrative government was formed. This has metamorphosed to contemporary governments and democratic politics. Besides, several inventions of man can be attributed to agrarian revolution in Europe and parts of Asia like Mesopotamia. Unlike hunting and foraging, technical skills were critical for agricultural sustainability hence development of several scientific production technique that defines contemporary management principles. Agriculture takes central position in the society as far as survival of people is concerned as compared to the traditional ly limited hunting and foraging sources. Despite much praises on agriculture, it has significantly cost the society the beauty of nature and distorted ecosystem. Human being has significantly encroached into the historically beautiful and self-sustaining ecosystem to expand agricultural production with massive destruction of nature. Civilization as a consequence of Agriculture is haunting the society through increased occupation of any available space in urban and rural areas resulting to other economic activities that promotes pollutions.

What is family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is family - Essay Example With a stable relationship within the family setting, a healthy generation is created to develop the aspect in future generation. The family is formed based on the family values that accord roles to the members within the family. Each of the members is given defined roles to lead to a healthy relationship within the family. When the roles are completed and duties assigned according to the desired provisions, the members are accorded the opportunity to develop positive virtues towards future developments. The younger members of the family are accorded the opportunity to present similar fete to their own creations within the future generation. The stronger members of the family are accorded tougher roles as compared to the other members who are considered vulnerable to harsh environmental presentation. Pauline Erera in her writings explains these relationships in her book Family diversity to accord the family structure and the definition of the entity based on the contemporary values. Erera explains that the family setting and definition has changed in the modern society due to the changed roles of the members. The other aspect that has contributed to the change has been in the varied diversity evident within the setting. She lists that the families that have been developed have observed the role of protection of the members. The article lists the varied family types that have been created from lesbian families to single parent families (Erera 133). However, the article is based on the argument that the family should be based on the traditional values that had been noted to promote peaceful correlation and discipline. Through supportive evidence of the family values and the explanation of the changes in the family structure since the 1970s, Erera supports her claim of the growth within the family value. She explains that families with married couples had been diminishing from the 1970s due to the challenges of the society (Erera 118). The

Human Behavior And The Social Environment Philosophy Essay

Human Behavior And The Social Environment Philosophy Essay Skinner is a radical behaviorist and determinist who proposed that human behavior is controlled by objective observable factors such as environmental conditions and genetic factors. He suggested that human behavior can be classified into two types: respondents and operants. Respondents are behaviors that caused by environmental stimulus while operants are behaviors that act on the environment. He asserted that both respondents and operants are totally controlled by the environment. The main difference of these two kinds of behaviors is the nature of the control. Respondent is elicited by an environmental stimulus while operant occurs before the environmental stimulus. The environmental consequences which due to operants will control the behaviors that follows. There are three major ways that the environmental consequences can control behaviors: reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Inner State Skinner defined inner state such as feelings and emotions as a predisposition to act which means affecting the probability of occurrence in certain behaviors. He claimed that inner state is the effects of genetic make-up and personal experiences rather than the cause of behaviors. Thinking and Decision Making Skinner perceived thinking as a kind of behavior which is also affected by our own past experiences and through others instructions. A kind of thinking that Skinner mentioned is decision making which is closely related to making choices. Skinner asserted that free choices do not exist. Our past experiences, behaviors and behavioral consequences control the decisions or choices that we make. Freedom According to Skinner (1971), Freedom is a matter of contingencies of reinforcement, not of the feelings the contingencies generate (p. 38). He defined freedom as a behavioral process but nothing related to the state of mind. He believes that freedom can be partly experienced when we could avoid or escape from aversive elements of the environment. However, we still cant free ourselves from the environment. Self- Control Although Skinner emphasized that behaviors are entirely controlled, our determined behaviors can modify the physical and social environments which exert different effects on our behavior, thus controlling ourselves indirectly. He believed that the behavior which causes aversive consequences can be controlled by negative reinforcement such as avoiding or escaping from the situation in order to reduce the probability of being punished. The Perspective from Rogers Rogers took the humanistic phenomenology approach (Nye, p. 98) to understand human development. Self-Actualization Rogers believed that self-actualization, which includes personal growth and realization of basic potentialities, exists in human. He suggested that we should not set any absolute limit to the level of actualization as our full potential is always an unknown based on our present knowledge. Inner Human Experiencing To study human behavior, Roger emphasized the importance of inner human experiencing. This refers to evaluating ourselves subjectively such as our thoughts and feelings and trying to understand others empathetically. The Self Theory The subjective awareness of ourselves and the surrounding environment are the most important determinants of behaviors. The objective reality of the environment is not an important factor that determines behaviors. This means that the realistic self-concept develops a perception of the external reality and the circumstance in which we find ourselves, thus affecting behaviors. Unconditional Positive Regard Rogers suggested that positive regards are innate needs of humans, which include love, acceptance and respect. These needs are usually fulfilled by others who are in intimate relationships with us. Unconditional positive regards mean these needs can be fulfilled simply because we, as humans, are worthy. When these needs are not given unconditionally, especially in childhood, then there is a higher possibility for unfavorable characteristics to be developed. On the contrary, conditioned positive regards refer to regards that are only given when we meet others expectations. The key differences in viewing human development between Skinner and Rogers Views on Human Nature In Rogers approach, he assumed that we naturally have an actualizing tendency and are growth-motivated persons (Nye, p. 135). On the other hand, Skinner viewed humans as environmentally controlled persons (Nye, p. 135) who are being predisposed and manipulated since birth to become products of the environment. Views on Personality Development Regarding personality development, Skinner stressed that it depends primarily on the outcomes that our behaviors have. We all have different personalities which make us as unique persons because there are differences in our reinforcement histories. The stronger the history of positive reinforcement is, the more likely for us to well-develop a favorable personality. Differently, Roger believed that humans have the potential to maintain an ever-upward spiraling in development if we are exposed to unconditional positive regards. Views on Human Behavior Although Rogers admitted that there is an influence of the environment on human behaviors, he stressed that the subjective, inner feelings and experiences play the most significant role in determining behaviors. In contrast, Skinner insisted that our behaviors are merely controlled by genetic and environmental factors but not any of our inner states. He believed that we are controlled by the environment in three major ways: reinforcement, extinction and punishment. Views on Freedom When it comes to freedom, Rogers perceived it as something inner, subjective and existential. As long as the openness and responsiveness to the totality of our experiencing are developed within us, we could experience a sense of freedom and choose the way we behave. On the other hand, Skinner argued that freedom is nothing related to the state of mind. Humans are not free to decide our own fates but are determined by the environment. My commentary on Rogers and Skinner Perspectives I prefer Rogers over Skinner perspective on human development. I think that Skinner over-emphasized on behavior control which is dehumanizing and might indirectly mislead the society to treat persons as objects or machines which to be manipulated. I tried to imagine how my life would have become if Rogers perspective didnt ever existed and my personal beliefs were all based on Skinners approach. All of my behaviors and experiences were predetermined and being controlled which I did not have any choices at all. I couldnt experience the sense of satisfaction from what I endeavored to achieve since i would believe that favorable environment was the only reason which contributed to my success. It would be discouraging and my life would have less meaning. On the other hand, Rogers perspective makes me feel optimistic towards life by believing that the potential for growth and actualization reside within myself. Despite things are falling apart in times of adversity, I still live with hope and strongly believe that I am equipped with the power to overcome difficulties and live a better life in the future. Rogers perspective enhanced my self-understanding especially through the concept of unconditional positive regards. According to my own personal experiences, I strongly agree with Rogers that unconditional positive regards are prominent to the development of a healthy, fully functioning person. In my childhood, I had learnt that love and acceptance could only be gained with the condition that I was well-behaved, independent and expressed with favorable feelings and emotions. As a result, I have been experiencing psychological discomforts over the years with the feeling of being broken. I mean there is a large discrepancy between my actual and ideal self which Rogers called it as incongruence (Nye, 2000, p. 110). Moreover, I appreciated Rogers who had taken an inclusive approach to study human development which involves objective, subjective and empathic perspectives. He paid great attention to the inner state of human while at the same time didnt deny that the environment affects how we behave. All, in all, I think both perspectives have its interest to offer and undoubtedly allowed me to enhance self-understanding, the behaviors of others as well as the effects of the physical and social environment. Although the understanding of theories on human development is important, I believe that we should keep in mind not to overlook each individuals unique personality and experiences nor over-generalize individuals by imposing these theories on them.

September 11 Exposed the Weaknesses of a Complacent Superpower Essay

The unthinkable events of September 11 have called into question things that once seemed indisputable about America. The end of the Cold War brought with it notions of American supremacy economically, militarily, and in intelligence. The only challenge to this supremacy had been the Soviet Union, and its collapse ensured that the United States was safe to take its place as the world's only superpower. However, in the decade following the end of the Cold War, America has not been willing to accept the responsibility that accompanies this position. The weaknesses exposed by the attack all point to a need for America to abandon its perception of itself as invincible, because that attitude is precisely what made it so vulnerable. America needs to be willing to constantly reevaluate itself and question whether or not it is acting responsibly, as a superpower should. Â   What constitutes a superpower? This is a question that must be answered in order to determine where America stands after September 11. There is no question that America is the dominate force in the world both militarily and economically, and both of these factors play an important role in defining it as a superpower. However, these are two factors that are only relevant when looking at the whole world. Internal factors also play a role in defining a country as a superpower. First of all, the country must have a feeling of safety. People living in a superpower feel that they are untouchable and that as long as they stay under the security blanket that their government offers, no harm will come their way. In addition, the strong superpower will be held up by a strong infrastructure. Intelligence should be a top priority to ensure the safety of the people of the supe... ...g to join. Â   The events of September 11 have changed the America forever. Undoubtedly, the age of American innocence is over. However, the question remains: does the end of innocence mean the end of superpower status? The reevaluation of American hegemony is inevitable, but will this reevaluation signify the end of the hegemony? Undoubtedly, America dominates the world scene, even after the attack, but it must begin to understand better what it means to dominate this ever-changing world. America must never again sink into the complacency that had taken over in the past decade. It is only through constant reevaluation that America will ever truly understand the huge responsibility that accompanies being the world's lone superpower. Sources CNN, "Anthrax victim urges Americans to 'stand together,'" http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/11/05/anx.anthrax.facts/

Atlantic Revolution

Nationalism and revolution often go hand in hand. Yet, while nationalism might lead to revolution, and perhaps national independence, it is much broader than revolution, and one should not be confused with the other. â€Å"All nationalists believe that nations can be identified by certain characteristics that all its citizens hold in common. These characteristics include the linguistic, ethnic, religious, or historical traditions that make a nation distinctive. All nationalists†¦are linked across time by [a common] language, literary tradition, and history† (Gelvin 2011). Atlantic Revolution What the American Revolution had in common with the Atlantic Revolution is that it wasn’t one single event or conflict that lead to uprisings everywhere. They were interconnected sharing common political vocabulary and strong democratic character† Where the American Revolution sought to create a new republic the Atlantic republics wished to recreate a new society from scratch. The American Revolution started a Trans-Atlantic Age revolution. Discovery of the New World It all began with the discovery of the New World by Columbus is 1492, which happened on behalf of Castile which was the Spanish crown. Prior to this discovery Europe had switched from the Feudalist system to the Capitalist system. Nationalism in Europe fueled the desire to control colonies in Asia and Africa. Finding a new route to the orient was the goal, when the Americas were discovered. The â€Å"Atlantic revolution,† was the redirection of trade routes brought about by the great geographic discoveries. The Atlantic revolution, however, did not so much replace the old lines of medieval commerce as build upon them† (Britannica). The European merchant capitalism formed a framework that became a joint venture for Europe, Americas and Africa. One that was founded upon coerced labor in which all contributed to the vast complicated network known as the Atlantic economy. â€Å"While not equal in power, each was critical in the contribution to the construction of the Atlantic world†(Benjamin 2011). Atlantic World By 1607 the first English settlement in America was set in Jamestown Virginia. Only Seven out of Ten settlers remained in the New World, due to starvation, harsh living conditions and wars with the Natives. The natives who had traded food for death were fighting two enemies disease and setters. Diseases such as malaria, small pox, scarlet fever and influenza wiped the Natives out. Creating a shortage of labor in the creation of the New World. When Columbus first arrived, he brought Horses. These horses were traded to Native Americans which helped change the face of hunting forever. This allowed the Natives to move from hunting parties requiring several men that lasted days to one hunter on horseback. The New World gave the Old World tobacco, cocoa, beans, tomatoes, corn and potatoes. Both Corn and potatoes became the food of the poor after Europe came out of the epidemic known as Black Death. Although no cure for the countless diseases on both sides of the New and Old Worlds. The retreat of the plague left Europeans with only war, hunger and a raft of other infections to deal with. † Economy The Columbian Exchange brought the Europeans wealth and power. The combined animal and plant products from the Indies exceeded gold and silver in value. While it brought the native Americas an unequal exchange of food for diseases that caused entire Indian cultures to vanish. The Columbian Exchange brought the Africans to other countries; discovered by the Portuguese searching for gold, later kidnapped later to be bartered and sold into slavery to satisfy Europeans unquenchable taste for goods. While the Columbian exchange had life changing positive and disastrous ending negative effects on four continents and three branches of humanity. Ecology became destiny determining who would thrive and who would die. Tobacco John Rolfe was an entrepreneur, who dared to sail to the Americas. He landed in Chesapeake Bay, with a dream and some tobacco seeds. He planted them and a crop grew that was worth One Million United States currency of today. August 1619 the first permanent African involuntary labors arrived to care for the tobacco crops. Slavery did not exist at this point in time, Later another One Thousand settlers arrived with Twenty African indentured servants. â€Å"The black indentured servant, with his hope of freedom, was increasingly being replaced by the black slave. â€Å" In 1705, the Virginia General Assembly removed any lingering uncertainty about this terrible transformation; it made a declaration that would seal the fate of African Americans for generations to come†¦ â€Å"All servants imported and brought into the Country†¦ who were not Christians in their native Country†¦ hall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion†¦ shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master†¦ correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction†¦ the master shall be free of all punishment†¦ as if such accident never happened. † (PBS) â€Å"The Body of Liberties, recognized the enslavement of Africans as not only legal but also moral in 1641† (Code Noir 2008). Slave Revolution When the first record of blacks arrived in US history it was in Virginia in 1619. The Colonists used words like, black skin and connoted words like â€Å"soiled, dirty†¦ horrible, wicked to describe the blacks, while white skin connoted â€Å"purity, beauty, and goodness. â€Å"About 1860 racism reared its ugly head when white settlers started referring to themselves as white. As time progressed, harsh, brutal treatment of the Negro, the African American, the Black, was based on the dehumanizing of this person, and asserting white supremacy. † (Sanders) Unable to swallow the idea that a black man could be their equal, the American White Anglo-Saxon took steps to make sure that equality just didn’t happen. As early as 1740 laws were passed that punished, by death, any act of rebellion Negro slaves committed or any act against a white person that resulted in grievous wounds, bruises, or maiming, without benefit of trial. French Colony of Saint Domingue The French had the slave system down to a science knowing that the average rate per slave was three years. This inevitable death sentence, sparked a revolution within the slaves themselves. The French Revolution sparked, the most famous revolution which began in the French colony of Saint Domingue later known as the country of Haiti. The Haitian revolution lasted for twelve years, under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture. The revolution took a turn when the slaves acquired guns from the neighboring Spanish and used them to fight off the British, French, and Spanish defeating 60,000 soldiers. The revolt caused Britain and France to abandon slave trade, making One Million black slaves French citizens in 1794. The French-Haitian Revolution What Nationalism and Revolution tell us about the role of slavery in the Atlantic World was what was done to justify slavery. In 1831 a Slave revolt lead by Nat Turner was used as reason to continue slavery. The whites were far outnumbered which was why The Haitian Revolution was kept quiet. For this reason, white Frenchmen were not permitted in Cuba for fear that they tell the story of the revolt in Haiti. One Million black slaves became French citizens in 1794 and when Napoleon tried to reinstitute slavery in 1802 things did not go well. Ultimately, Catholicism was used to try to de- Africanize the slaves, the colony wished to assimilate them culturally in order to continue their subjugation. American Revolution The American Revolution affected slavery by creating new ways for the slaves to be free. People started questioning slavery on all sides. The Americans won their independence from the British but the most vital area that America needed to address was the one of racial segregation. The primary cause of the civil war was slavery, and States’ rights. The Americans celebrated when the French overthrew its Absolutist monarchy. Sanctioned violence in France overflowed to the borders of Great Britain where they remained at war until 1815. Once the British war with France began depleting the British treasury. The war known as the French and Indian War is also known as the Seven Years War. The depletion of the treasury caused Britain, who decided the colonies had grown fat under their not so watchful eye to tax the Colonists on goods that had not previously been taxed. The Stamp Act of 1765, caused Parliament to take action, deciding that the colonies needed to contribute to their own defense. That action was followed by the British action to tax the Colonists on goods that had not previously been taxed. The final blow came when British forced the colonists to house and feed British soldiers. These collective actions made the colonists angry. The Colonists were without a representative in Parliament to peak for them. From these collective actions the phrase, no taxation without representation was born. Attempting to further cripple the colonists attempts for independence the English outlawed production of an American currency – and forced the colonies to borrow from British banks at high interest. John Adams stated that,† The revolution was effected before the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people. † (Adams, 2010) Conclusion The American Revolution and Atlantic Revolution wasn’t one single event or conflict that lead to uprisings everywhere. They were interconnected sharing common political vocabulary and strong democratic character† While Nationalism and revolution often go hand in hand nationalism might lead to revolution, and perhaps national independence. Granted, â€Å"All nationalists believe that nations can be identified by certain characteristics that all its citizens hold in common. These characteristics include the linguistic, ethnic, religious, or historical traditions that make a nation distinctive. All nationalists†¦are linked across time by [a common] language, literary tradition, and history† (Gelvin 2011).